Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Label this image to show the oesteology of the thoracic cage.
Respuesta
-
Jugular notch
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Clavicular angle
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Maunbrium
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Sternal angle
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Body
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Xiphisternal angle
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Xiphoid process
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Sternum
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Intercostal space
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Costal margin
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Costal cartilage
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False ribs
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True ribs
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Why do the lungs appear black on an X-ray?
Respuesta
-
Lung tissue doesn't absorb X-rays
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Air doesn't absorb X-rays
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The tissue of the lungs is too thick to be shown
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The tissue of the lungs is too thin to be shown
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What are the wispy lines shown in the lung field, emanating from the heart?
Respuesta
-
Pulmonary blood vessels
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Bronchioles
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Alveoli
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Coronary blood vessels
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Why does the heart appear bright white on x-ray?
Respuesta
-
It is full of blood which absorbs x-rays
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It is full of air which absorbs x-rays
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It is full of blood which does not absorb x-rays
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Its walls are made of muscle tissue which absorbs x-rays
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Why do we use posterior-anterior orientation in chest x-ray?
Respuesta
-
To prevent false enlargement of the heart
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To prevent false shrinkage of the heart
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To prevent false consolidation of the lungs
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To get a better resolution
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Why is the right hemidiaphragm slightly higher than the left?
Respuesta
-
Due to the presence of the liver
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The right lung is smaller
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Due to the presence of the stomach
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Due to the suspensory ligament of Treitz
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
How do we visualise the tubular system of the lungs?
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The heart appears longer and thinner on x-ray if taken during inspiration.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What is the region of translucency in the bottom right corner of this x-ray?
Respuesta
-
Gas Bubble in Stomach
-
Left hemidiaphragm
-
Liver
-
Heart
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following are boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The suprapleural membrane spreads over the superior thoracic aperture.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
WHere does the ligament that holds the suprapleural membrane up in a dome shape attach?
Respuesta
-
Transverse process of C7
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Spinous process of C7
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Transverse process of T1
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Transverse process of C6
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following are borders of the inferior thoracic aperture?
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Where does the diaphragm arch down and attach at?
Respuesta
-
L1 and L2
-
L1 only
-
L2 only
-
T12
-
L3
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The aorta passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Label this diagram of the superior thoracic aperture. The green coloured area represents the suprapleural membrane.
Respuesta
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Manubrium
-
2nd rib
-
1st rib
-
Subclavian vessels
-
Suprapleural membrane
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Internal jugular vein
-
Trachea
-
Common carotid artery
-
Oesophagus
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Label these images to show the anatomy of the diaphragm.
Respuesta
-
Central tendon
-
Caval hiatus
-
Oesophageal hiatus
-
Aortic hiatus
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Right hemidiaphragm
-
Left hemidiaphragm
-
Right crus
-
Left crus
-
Sternal attachment
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The left hemidiaphragm is innervated by the left phrenic nerve and the right hemidiaphragm is innervated by the right phrenic nerve
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Where does the costodiaphragmatic recess occur?
Respuesta
-
8th-11th intercostal spaces along the midaxillary line
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7th-11th intercostal spaces along the midaxillary line
-
10th and 11th intercostal spaces along the midaxillary line
-
7th-10th intercostal spaces along the midaxillary line
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What does the costodiaphragmatic recess allow us to do?
Respuesta
-
Access the pleural cavity with less risk to lung tissue
-
Access the pleural cavity with no risk to lung tissue
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Access the vena cava
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Access the abdominal arota
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What type of nerves are the phrenic nerves?
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Label this image of the diaphragm from below.
Respuesta
-
Xiphoid
-
Vena cava
-
Central tendon
-
Oesophagus
-
Aorta
-
Coeliac trunk
-
Left crus
-
Right crus
-
Quadratus lumborum
-
Psoas major
-
Lateral arcuate ligament
-
Medial arcuate ligament
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
What is the function of the arcuate ligaments?
Respuesta
-
Separate the diaphragm from the posterior trunk muscles
-
Suspend the posterior trunk muscles
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Separate the diaphragm from the abdominal organs
-
Join the diaphragm to the lumbar spine
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The oesophageal hiatus occurs in the muscle of the diaphragm - what does this mean?
Respuesta
-
Reflux of stomach contents during breathing is prevented
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Diaphragm as a true valve around the oesophagus
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Prevents choking during breathing
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Enables gastric emptying
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The caval hiatus occurs in the [blank_start]central tendon[blank_end]. This means that during diaphragmatic [blank_start]contraction[blank_end] the walls of the [blank_start]vena cava[blank_end] are pulled apart. This reduces [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] in the vena cava which pulls venous blood up through the abdomen, thus aiding [blank_start]venous return[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
central tendon
-
contraction
-
vena cava
-
pressure
-
venous return
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Where does parietal pleura become visceral pleura?
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What is the purpose of the pulmonary ligament?
Respuesta
-
Provides room for bronchi to move during expiration/inspiration
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Prevents lungs from entering abdominal cavity
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Prevents lungs from protruding into the neck
-
Provides route for bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatics and nerves to enter the lungs
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What innervates the pleura?
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What innervates the diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura?
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Why does the normal lung at rest not collapse under its elastic recoil pressure?
Respuesta
-
Negative pressure in the pleural cavity
-
Positive pressure in the pleural cavity
-
Diaphragm contracts to hold lungs open
-
Bronchi hold lungs open
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Label this diagram to show the pleural membranes.