The Mediastinum

What is the superior boundary of the mediastinum?

What is the inferior boundary of the mediastinum?

What is the lateral border of the mediastinum?

What is the anterior border of the mediastinum?

What is the posterior border of the mediastinum?

Label this diagram to show the regions of the mediastinum.

Label these diagrams to show the boundaries of the mediastinum.

What is the level of the sternal angle?

Drag and drop the correct answers to give the borders of the superior mediastinum. Superior - [blank_start]superior thoracic aperture[blank_end] Inferior - [blank_start]continuous with the inferior mediastinum[blank_end] Anterior - [blank_start]manubrium[blank_end] Posterior - [blank_start]vertebral bodies of T1-T4[blank_end] Lateral - [blank_start]pleurae of lungs[blank_end]

The aortic arch occurs in the superior mediastinum.

Where is the thymus gland found?

At what point does your thymus gland stop producing T cells?

Fill in the blanks to describe the contents of the superior mediastinum. - A[blank_start]ortic arch[blank_end] thus including the b[blank_start]rachiocephalic[blank_end] artery, left common [blank_start]carotid[blank_end] artery and left [blank_start]subclavian[blank_end] artery - Superior [blank_start]vena cava[blank_end] thus including the b[blank_start]rachiocephalic[blank_end] veins and the az[blank_start]ygos[blank_end] vein - The v[blank_start]agus[blank_end] nerves, p[blank_start]hrenic[blank_end] nerves and s[blank_start]ympathetic[blank_end] trunk - The t[blank_start]hymus[blank_end] gland - The t[blank_start]rachea[blank_end] - The o[blank_start]esophagus[blank_end] - The [blank_start]thoracic[blank_end] duct

Label this image to show some of the great vessels found in the superior mediastinum.

Drag and drop the correct answers to give the borders of the anterior mediastinum. Superior - [blank_start]continuous with superior mediastinum[blank_end] Inferior - [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end] Anterior - [blank_start]body of the sternum[blank_end] Posterior - [blank_start]pericardium[blank_end] Lateral - [blank_start]mediastinal pleura[blank_end]

The thymus extends inferiorly into the anterior mediastinum in infants and children.

What ligaments are present in the anterior mediastinum?

Drag and drop the correct answers to give the borders of the posterior mediastinum. Superior - [blank_start]continuous with superior mediastinum[blank_end] Inferior - [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end] Anterior - [blank_start]pericardium[blank_end] Posterior - [blank_start]T5-T12 vertebrae[blank_end] Lateral - [blank_start]mediastinal pleura[blank_end]

Fill in the blanks to give the contents of the posterior mediastinum. - The [blank_start]thoracic[blank_end] aorta and thus the posterior [blank_start]intercostal[blank_end] arteries, the b[blank_start]ronchial[blank_end] arteries, the o[blank_start]esophageal[blank_end] arteries and the superior [blank_start]phrenic[blank_end] arteries - The [blank_start]azygos[blank_end] venous system - The o[blank_start]esophagus[blank_end] - The [blank_start]thoracic[blank_end] duct - The [blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] trunk

Label this diagram to show the relations of the contents of the posterior mediastinum.

Where does the left vagus nerve branch to give the left recurrent laryngeal nerve which ascend to the larynx?

The vagus nerves form an anterior and posterior plexus respectively which still have branches that interconnect them.

Between what vessels is the left vagus sandwiched during its descent into the trunk?

Label this image to show how the vagus nerve branches in the thorax.

Label this image to show the points of potential compression of the oesophagus.

The upper third of the oesophagus is skeletal muscle then it transitions into smooth muscle more inferiorly.

Label this image to show branches of the thoracic aorta.

Label this image to show the venous drainage of the thorax.

What structure does the sympathetic trunk run into the trunk alongside?

Label this diagram to show how the nerves of the thorax enter via the superior thoracic aperture.

Label this image to show the organisation of the nerves supplying the larynx.

The internal laryngeal nerves penetrate the thyrohyoid membrane.

Which division of the autonomic nerve system causes vasconstriction in the lungs?

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has afferent pain fibres that refer lung pain to the sternum?

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for bronchodilation and bronchosecretion?

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is afferent to the visceral pleura for stretch reception?

Which spinal nerves give sympathetic innervation to the lungs?

Fill in the blanks to describe the origins of the following plexuses. The pulmonary plexus has sympathetics from [blank_start]T1-T5[blank_end] and parasympathetics from the [blank_start]vagus nerve[blank_end]. The cardiac plexus has sympathetics from [blank_start]T1-T4[blank_end] and parasympathetics from the [blank_start]vagus nerve[blank_end]. The oesophageal plexus has sympathetics from [blank_start]T2-T6[blank_end] and parasympathetics from the [blank_start]vagus nerve[blank_end].