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The Vertebral Column: Joints and Ligaments

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Medicine Anatomy of Systems Test sobre The Vertebral Column: Joints and Ligaments, creado por Charlotte Jakes el 05/05/2020.
Charlotte Jakes
Test por Charlotte Jakes, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Charlotte Jakes
Creado por Charlotte Jakes hace alrededor de 4 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
The following questions will be about the intervertebral discs. What are the intervertebral discs classed as?
Respuesta
  • Secondary cartilaginous joints
  • Primary cartilaginous joints
  • Synovial joints

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
What is significant about the intervertebral discs?
Respuesta
  • They allow 'rocking' of the vertebrae on top of one another
  • They do not allow rocking of the vertebrae so maintain vertebral stability
  • They only occur between vertebrae of the thoracic spine
  • They only occur between every other 2 vertebrae

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Where will the intervertebral discs be the thickest?
Respuesta
  • The lumbar spine
  • The thoracic spine
  • The cervical spine
  • The sacral spine

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
What is the gel-like centre of the intervertebral disc derived from the notochord in the embryo known as?
Respuesta
  • Nucleus pulposus
  • Annulus fibrosus
  • Vertebral end plate

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
What is significant about the high water content of the nucleus pulposus?
Respuesta
  • Resists compression
  • Allows compression
  • Rich in oxygen
  • Prevents herniation

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
What type of collagen will you find in the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc?
Respuesta
  • Collagen type I
  • Collagen type II
  • Collagen type IV
  • Collagen type X

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
What is the name given to the touch fibrous outer layers of the intervertebral disc?
Respuesta
  • Annulus fibrosus
  • Nucleus pulposus
  • Vertebral end plate

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
What type of collagen will you find in the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc?
Respuesta
  • Collagen type I
  • Collagen type II
  • Collagen type V
  • Collagen type IX

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
In which region of the intervertebral disc are the layers of the annulus fibrosus more tightly packed?
Respuesta
  • Posterior
  • Anterior

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Why does the annulus fibrosus deform relatively slowly to provide shock absorption?
Respuesta
  • Each layer's fibres are oriented differently from the last
  • Each layer's fibres are aligned with the last
  • The layers are more tightly packed round the outer edge of the disc
  • The tissue has high water content to resist compression

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
What is the vertebral end plate?
Respuesta
  • The point of fusion of the intervertebral discs with the vertebrae
  • The point of fusion of the nucleus pulposus with the annulus fibrosus
  • The point of fusion of two adjacent vertebrae
  • The outermost layer of the annulus fibrosus

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
The vertebral end plates are formed from hyaline cartilage.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Which part of the intervertebral disc forms a permeable barrier through which water and nutrients may pass?
Respuesta
  • Vertebral end plate
  • Annulus fibrosus
  • Nucleus pulposus

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the structure of the intervertebral disc.
Image:
Intervertebral+Dissssc (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Lamellae of annulus fibrosus
  • Nucleus pulposus
  • Annulus fibrosus
  • Vertebral end plate

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
What do we call the expansion of the nucleus pulposus into the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc, causing rupture which can irritate spinal nerves resulting in pain/muscle weakness?
Respuesta
  • Intervertebral disc herniation
  • Intervertebral disc rupture
  • Discitis
  • Vertebritis

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
As we age, our intervertebral discs become thinner, and with that our total body height and flexibility decreases. Why is this?
Respuesta
  • Water content of the nucleus pulposus declines
  • Collagen breakdown in the annulus fibrosis
  • Calcification of the vertebral end plate
  • Calcification of the nucleus pulposus

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column extend to and from?
Respuesta
  • Anterior tubercle of the atlas to the upper sacrum
  • Mandible to the upper sacrum
  • Vertebra prominens to the upper sacrum
  • Anterior tubercle of the atlas to the coccyx

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
The anterior longitudinal ligament consists of longitudinal fibres fixed to the intervertebral discs and margins of the vertebral bodies.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Which is true of the fibres of the anterior longitudinal ligament?
Respuesta
  • The deepest fibres extend from one vertebra to the next whilst the superficial fibres extend over several vertebrae
  • Only one layer of fibres extending over several vertebrae
  • Only one layer of fibres extending from one vertebrae to the next
  • Fibres oriented in a transverse fashion

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
The anterior longitudinal ligament prevents excess...
Respuesta
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Rotation
  • Lateral flexion

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Where does the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column extend to and from?
Respuesta
  • From the axis to the sacrum
  • From the atlas to the sacrum
  • From the axis to the coccyx
  • From the atlas to the coccyx

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
The posterior longitudinal ligament travels inside the vertebral canal.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
The ligamentum flavum are a series of short paired ligaments occurring between what?
Respuesta
  • The lamina of adjacent vertebrae
  • The peduncles of adjacent vertebrae
  • The bodies of adjacent vertebrae
  • The spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
The ligamentum flavum permits separation of the adjacent vertebrae during flexion but also limits it to prevent injury to the...
Respuesta
  • Intervertebral discs
  • Lamina
  • Peduncles
  • Spinal cord

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
The posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column prevents excess...
Respuesta
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Lateral flexion
  • Rotation

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
The supraspinous ligament...
Respuesta
  • Occurs between the spinous processes of the vertebrae
  • Connects the apeces of the spinous processes of the vertebrae
  • Occurs between the lamina of adjacent vertebrae
  • Occurs between the vertebral discs and margins of the vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
What is the nuchal ligament?
Respuesta
  • An expansion of the supraspinous ligament covering C1-C6 spinous processes
  • An expansion of the supraspinous ligament covering C1-C7 spinous processes
  • An expansion of the intraspinous ligament covering C1-C6 spinous processes
  • An expansion of the intraspinous ligament covering C1-C7 spinous processes

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the ligaments of the vertebral column.
Image:
Ligaments+Of+Vertebral+Column+Init (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Supraspinous ligament
  • Transverse process
  • Spinous process
  • Ligamentum flavum
  • Intraspinous ligament
  • Inferior articular process
  • Intervertebral disc
  • Anterior longitudinal ligament
  • Intervertebral foramen
  • Posterior longitudinal ligament
  • Annulus fibrosus
  • Nucleus pulposus
  • Vertebral body

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
What type of joints occur between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae?
Respuesta
  • Synovial plane joint
  • Synovial hinge joint
  • Primary cartilaginous joint
  • Secondary cartilaginous joint

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Each facet joint occurring between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae has no outer joint capsule.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False
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