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The Vertebral Column: Osteology

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University Functional Anatomy and Embryology Test sobre The Vertebral Column: Osteology, creado por Charlotte Jakes el 06/05/2020.
Charlotte Jakes
Test por Charlotte Jakes, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Charlotte Jakes
Creado por Charlotte Jakes hace alrededor de 4 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Approximately how many bones make up the vertebral column?
Respuesta
  • 33
  • 40
  • 22
  • 12

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?
Respuesta
  • Axial support of the body above the pelvis
  • Protection of the spinal cord
  • Posture and movement
  • Protection of the internal organs
  • Protection of the cerebrospinal fluid

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
What is the advantage of the vertebral column consisting of several slightly mobile linkages rather than only a few highly mobile articulations?
Respuesta
  • Stability and flexibility
  • Better protection of the spinal cord
  • Better protection of the internal organs
  • Less flexible

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Which segments of the vertebral column retain the primary curve seen in the original foetal curvature of the spine?
Respuesta
  • Thoracic spine
  • Sacrococcygeal spine
  • Cervical spine
  • Lumbar spine

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Which segments of the vertebral column develop into secondary curves when the child begins to hold their head up, followed by when the child begins to walk?
Respuesta
  • Cervical spine
  • Lumbar spine
  • Thoracic spine
  • Sacrococcygeal spine

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Which segments of the vertebral column are described as kyphotic?
Respuesta
  • Thoracic
  • Cervical
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Which segments of the vertebral column are described as lordotic?
Respuesta
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this thoracic vertebra from a superior view.
Image:
Vertebra+Superior (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Spinous process
  • Superior articular facet
  • Transverse process
  • Transverse costal facet
  • Pedicle
  • Lamina
  • Vertebral foramen
  • Superior costal facet

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this lateral view of a thoracic vertebra.
Image:
Vertebra+Lateral (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Superior costal facet
  • Inferior costal facet
  • Superior vertebral notch
  • Superior articular facet
  • Pedicle
  • Inferior vertebral notch
  • Inferior articular facet
  • Spinous process
  • Transverse costal facet

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
What do the inferior and superior vertebral notches form?
Respuesta
  • Intervertebral foramina
  • Transverse foramina
  • Vertebral foramina
  • Pedicles

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Which component of the vertebrae is the weight-bearing component?
Respuesta
  • Vertebral body
  • Vertebral arch
  • Pedicles
  • Spinous processes

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
What structure of bone will you find in the internal structure of the vertebral body?
Respuesta
  • Hollow bone
  • Vertical columns of solid bone
  • Trabeculated structure
  • Outer cortical bone filled with hyaline cartilage

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
What aspect of the vertebrae forms the vertebral foramen in combination with the vertebral body?
Respuesta
  • Vertebral arch
  • Pedicles
  • Spinous processes
  • Transverse processes

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
The vertebral foramina all align to form...
Respuesta
  • The vertebral canal
  • The central canal
  • The intervertebral foramina
  • The vertebral column

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
What is the function of the laminae and pedicles?
Respuesta
  • Transmit forces from the articular processes to the body
  • Receive forces transmitted from the body
  • Support body weight directly
  • Form the intervertebral foramina

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
What can the transverse and spinous processes of the vertebral column act as?
Respuesta
  • Sites of muscular attachment
  • Sites of articulation between adjacent vertebrae
  • Weight-bearers
  • Support the intervertebral discs

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
The following questions will be about the cervical spine. How many cervical vertebrae have?
Respuesta
  • 7
  • 12
  • 5
  • 8

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Which of the following best describes the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae?
Respuesta
  • Bifid
  • Long and inferior protruding
  • Short and thick
  • Trifid

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Each transverse process of the cervical vertebrae has an additional opening - the transverse foramen. What is the function of the transverse foramina?
Respuesta
  • Route for the vertebral arteries into the brain
  • Route for the carotid arteries into the brain
  • Route for the exit of the spinal nerves
  • House the spinal cord

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this diagram of a cervical vertebra.
Image:
Cervical+Vertebra+Innit+X (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Bifid spinous process
  • Vertebral foramen
  • Lamina
  • Superior articular process
  • Transverse process
  • Transverse foramen
  • Body
  • Groove for spinal nerve
  • Pedicle

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Which is true of the first cervical vertebra, the atlas?
Respuesta
  • No body or spinous process
  • No pedicles
  • No transverse processes
  • No transverse foramina

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
The first cervical vertebra, the atlas, has the longest and most laterally extended transverse processes of the C spine.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Why are the superior articular processes of the first cervical vertebra, the atlas, deeply curved?
Respuesta
  • Articulation with the occipotal condyles of the skull
  • Articulation with the axis
  • Articulation with the mandible
  • Provide a groove for the exit of the spinal nerve

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the first cervical vertebra, the atlas.
Image:
Atlas+C1+Vertebra (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Dens
  • Anterior arch
  • Superior articular facet
  • Transverse foramen
  • Transverse ligament
  • Posterior arch
  • Transverse process

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
What is the function of the second cervical vertebrae, the axis?
Respuesta
  • Axis of rotation for turning the head
  • Supports the skull
  • Supports the vertebral arteries
  • Supports the upper 6 cervical vertebrae

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
What is the odontoid process/dens of the second cervical vertebra, the axis?
Respuesta
  • Projection extending upwards which is held to C1 via the transverse ligament
  • Long spinous process which is palpable from the skin
  • Long transverse process extending to the right body
  • Long spinous proccess projecting upwards towards the skull instead of downwards

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the second cervical vertebra, the axis.
Image:
Axis+C2 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Odontoid process/dens
  • Superior articular facet
  • Transverse foramen
  • Lamina
  • Spinous process
  • Transverse process

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the force transmission down the cervical spine.
Image:
Cervical+Spine+Forces (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Occipital condyles
  • Atlas C1
  • Axis C2
  • C3
  • C4
  • Weight of head

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Why is the seventh cervical vertebra referred to as the vertebra prominens?
Respuesta
  • It has a long spinous process which is palpable from the skin
  • It has the longest, most lateral transverse processes of the cervical spine
  • It has the largest body of the cervical spine
  • Its transverse processes don't have transverse foramina

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the cervical spine as shown here.
Image:
Cervical+Spine+Init (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Dens of axis
  • C7 vertebra prominens
  • Transverse process
  • Bifid spinous process
  • Inferior articular process
  • C3
  • C2 axis
  • C1 atlas
  • Transverse ligament

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
The following questions will be about the thoracic spine. How many thoracic vertebrae do we have?
Respuesta
  • 12
  • 8
  • 7
  • 5

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
The thoracic vertebrae have smaller bodies than the cervical vertebrae.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
What is significant about the thoracic vertebrae?
Respuesta
  • Long spinous process with pronounced downward angle
  • Long spinous process with pronounced upward angle
  • Long transverse processes
  • Triangular shaped vertebral foramen

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
What is the function of the long spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae?
Respuesta
  • Limits flexion by overlapping with the next spinous process
  • Contains facets for articulations of the rib
  • Transmits force onto the body of the vertebra
  • Transmits force onto the rib

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
The thoracic vertebrae have additional facets on their transverse processes. What do these articulate with?
Respuesta
  • The tubercles of the ribs
  • The head of the ribs
  • The superior thoracic vertebra
  • The inferior thoracic vertebra

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
What is significant about the T11 and T12 vertebrae compared to the rest of the thoracic spine?
Respuesta
  • Costal facet in the middle of the body rather than superior
  • Costal facet at the superior of the body rather than the middle
  • No costal facets
  • No spinous process

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this thoracic vertebra from a superior view.
Image:
Thoracic+Vertebra (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Body
  • Vertebral foramen
  • Superior costal facet
  • Pedicle
  • Superior vertebral notch
  • Superior articular facet
  • Spinous process
  • Lamina
  • Transverse costal facet

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe this thoracic vertebra from a lateral view.
Image:
Thoracic+Vertebra+Lateral (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Inferior costal facet
  • Body
  • Superior costal facet
  • Inferior vertebral notch
  • Inferior articular process
  • Transverse process
  • Transverse costal facet
  • Pedicle
  • Spinous process
  • Superior articular process

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the thoracic spine and how the ribs articulate with it.
Image:
Thoracic+Spine+Init (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Superior articular facets
  • Transverse costal facet
  • Superior costal facet
  • Vertebral body
  • Transverse processes
  • Spinous process
  • Angle of rib
  • Inferior costal facet
  • Tubercle of rib
  • Neck of rib
  • Intervertebral disc
  • Head of rib

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
The following questions will be about the lumbar spine. How many lumbar vertebrae do we have?
Respuesta
  • 5
  • 7
  • 8
  • 12

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
The vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae are the largest and thickest of the entire vertebral column.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
What happens to the vertebral foramina the further down the lumbar spine you go?
Respuesta
  • Become more triangular
  • Become more circular
  • Become narrower
  • Become wider

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Which is true of the transverse and spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae?
Respuesta
  • Short
  • Long and narrow
  • Long and blunt
  • Nonexistent

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the lumbar vertebra shown here.
Image:
Lumbar+Vertebra (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Spinous process
  • Superior articular process
  • Accessory process
  • Lamina
  • Transverse process
  • Vertebral body
  • Spinal canal
  • Pedicle

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
At what level does the spinal cord terminate?
Respuesta
  • L2
  • L3
  • L4
  • L5

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
Which is true of the sacrum?
Respuesta
  • 5 individual vertebrae
  • 5 individual vertebrae that fuse by adulthood
  • 5 individual vertebrae that fuse by puberty
  • 5 individual vertebrae that fuse in the first 2 years of life

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
The sacrum has pairs of anterior and posterior formaina that provide roots for the exit of spinal nerves in place of transverse foramina.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
What is the median sacral crest a remnant of?
Respuesta
  • The fused spinous processes
  • The fused transverse processes
  • The fused vertebral bodies
  • The fused costal facets

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
What is the lateral sacral crest a remnant of?
Respuesta
  • The fused transverse processes
  • The fused spinous processes
  • The fused vertebral bodies
  • The fused costal facets

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
What are the transverse ridges of the sacrum remnants of?
Respuesta
  • The fused intervertebral discs
  • The fused transverse processes
  • The fused spinous processes
  • The fused costal facets

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
What is the name given to the superior anterior projection of bone forming the posterior margin of the pelvic inlet?
Respuesta
  • The sacral promontory
  • The superior sacral surface
  • The ala
  • The sacroiliac joint

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the sacrum.
Image:
Sacrum+Init (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Sacral promontory
  • Body of first sacral vertebra
  • Transverse ridges
  • Anterior sacral foramina
  • Apex
  • Coccyx
  • Sacral canal
  • Body
  • Superior articular process
  • Auricular surfaces
  • Lateral sacral crest
  • Median sacral crest
  • Posterior sacral foramina
  • Sacral hiatus

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
How many individual vertebrae fuse to form the coccyx?
Respuesta
  • 4
  • 6
  • 8
  • 3

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the coccyx.
Image:
Coccyx+Labelled (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Coccygeal cornua
  • Transverse process
  • Superior articular facet
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