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Oncology Final MCQs 1- 5th Year PMU

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Oncology Final MCQs- 5th Year PMU Topics- Epidemiology, Carcinogenesis, CNS Tumors, Malignant head and neck Tumors, Malignant lung diseases, Malignant diseases of the mammary gland
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
EGF-(R) = [blank_start]Epidermal Growth Factor[blank_end] (Receptor) ER = [blank_start]Estrogen Receptor[blank_end] HER = [blank_start]Human Epidermal Receptor[blank_end] HPV = [blank_start]Human PapillomaVirus[blank_end] PR = [blank_start]Progesterone Receptor[blank_end] VEGF (R) = [blank_start]Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor[blank_end] (Receptor) TKI = [blank_start]Tyrosine kinase Inhibitor[blank_end] ALK = [blank_start]Anaplastic lymphoma kinase[blank_end] CRC = [blank_start]Colorectal carcinoma[blank_end] MCA = [blank_start]Monoclonal antibody[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Estrogen Receptor
  • Human Epidermal Receptor
  • Human PapillomaVirus
  • Progesterone Receptor
  • Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor
  • Epidermal Growth Factor
  • Tyrosine kinase Inhibitor
  • Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
  • Colorectal carcinoma
  • Monoclonal antibody

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
According to WHO data by 2030, malignancies will be the leading cause of mortality. What place do they occupy now?
Respuesta
  • third
  • fourth
  • second
  • first

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Which are the most often occurring tumors in children up to 10 years of age?
Respuesta
  • neuroblastoma, leukemias, gastrointestinal tumors
  • acute leukemias, brain tumors, Wilms tumor
  • retinoblastoma, nephroblastoma, gastrointestinal tumors
  • lymphomas, leukemias, brain tumors

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
What are the most common neoplasias in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life?
Respuesta
  • soft tissue tumors, testicular carcinoma
  • mesenchymal tumors, breast cancer
  • gastrointestinal tumors, osteosarcoma
  • lung cancer, head and neck tumors

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
What are the most common neoplasias in the 3rd and 4th decades of life?
Respuesta
  • female genital tract tumors, male genital tract tumors
  • breast cancer, uterine cancer, CRC
  • lung cancer, breast cancer, CNS tumors
  • head and neck tumors, sarcomas

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
What are the most common neoplasias after the 5th decade of life?
Respuesta
  • Lung carcinoma, prostate gland carcinoma
  • Tumors of GIT, bladder carcinoma
  • CRC, prostate and lung carcinoma
  • Head and neck tumors, lung cancer

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
There are differences In cancer morbidity and mortality between males and females. What is the gender predominance of CRC and stomach cancer?
Respuesta
  • Men
  • Women
  • There is no gender predominance
  • Age-based sex division

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Depending on geographic latitudes there is differential endemic Spread of neoplasms. Gastric carcinoma occurs predominantly in:
Respuesta
  • USA, Europe, Japan
  • Asia, Europe
  • Latin America, Eastern Europe, Japan
  • Southeast Asia and Africa

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
CRC occurs with the highest frequency in:
Respuesta
  • Europe
  • Asia
  • The USA
  • Australia and New Zealand

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Mammary carcinoma is rare in:
Respuesta
  • The United States, Asia
  • Europe, Latin America
  • Africa, Asia
  • Australia and New Zealand

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
The Epstein-Barr virus is associated with infectious mononucleosis nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. The latter has marked endemic spread:
Respuesta
  • The Scandinavian countries, Mongolia
  • Malaysia, Uganda, New Guinea
  • Japan, the Philippines
  • Australia and New Zealand

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
What is screening?
Respuesta
  • testing a group of people for the detection of early-stage cancers
  • examining a group of people when certain symptoms and complaints are present
  • detection of unplanned disease by tests and procedures that can be applied quickly
  • evidence of disease’s initial symptoms

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
What types of cancer screenings are available?
Respuesta
  • Lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, breast cancer
  • CRC, prostate, stomach
  • Breast cancer, prostate, cervical carcinoma
  • CRC, breast cancer, lung carcinoma

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Which of the following cancers affect predominantly men
Respuesta
  • lung, prostate, colorectal carcinoma
  • melanoma, pancreas, lung
  • colon, prostate, melanoma
  • lung, pancreas, brain

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Which tumors in women confer the lowest five-year survival rate?
Respuesta
  • breast
  • ovary
  • corpus uteri
  • lung

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Areas with the highest oncological morbidity at present are
Respuesta
  • Americas
  • Europe
  • Africa
  • Europe and Americas

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Which tumors in males confer the lowest five-year survival rate?
Respuesta
  • testicular carcinoma
  • lung cancer
  • prostate cancer
  • colon cancer

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
The most common Malignant tumor in Women is
Respuesta
  • Mammary Carcinoma
  • Cervical Carcinoma
  • Skin carcinoma
  • Ovarian Carcinoma

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
What is the most accurate definition of carcinogenesis?
Respuesta
  • The occurrence of mutations in more than one locus leading to the appearance of a transformed cell
  • Multistage and prolonged process leading to transformed cells with subsequent clonal selection and expansion
  • Multistage process of transformation and development of neoplastic clone
  • There is no correct answer

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Tumorigenesis occurs in three stages
Respuesta
  • Proliferation, promotion, metastasis
  • Initiation, promotion, proliferation
  • Proliferation, promotion, progression
  • All answers are correct

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Neoangiogenesis
Respuesta
  • the ability of cancer cells to metastasize via the blood and to form new vessels
  • uncontrolled growth of tissue that can deliver distant metastasize via the blood and the lymphatics
  • uncontrolled development of tissue with the ability to grow and metastasize by forming new vessels
  • there is no correct answer

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Key features of the tumor cell are
Respuesta
  • ability to proliferate, metastasize, form new vessels and the possibility of apoptosis, invasion
  • loss of apoptosis, endless division, invasion and metastasis
  • generates signals for growth and development, ability to form new vessels and metastasize via the blood
  • all answers are correct

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
What is the definition of benign tumors?
Respuesta
  • varying degrees of cellular and structural differentiation, do not metastasize
  • highly differentiated tumors whose cells resemble those from which they originated
  • a high degree of cell differentiation, the presence of functional activity and metastatic ability
  • answers a+c

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Which statement about malignant tumors is wrong?
Respuesta
  • varying degrees of cell differentiation and structural organization
  • cells are organized in monolayers with signs of anaplasia
  • have an infiltrative growth
  • there is no correct answer

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
What is relapse?
Respuesta
  • a newly emerging tumor
  • the reappearance of a tumor following its surgical removal
  • the appearance of a tumor at the same site as the one removed
  • the appearance of regional lymph nodes

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Malignant tumors have infiltrative growth, cellular atypism, are encapsulated capsule and have the ability to give regional and distant metastases. This statement is
Respuesta
  • true
  • untrue
  • incomplete
  • ambiguous

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Mesenchymal tumors metastasize
Respuesta
  • Via lymphatics
  • Via blood
  • Canalicularly
  • Intracavitary

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
The tumors of __________ metastasize in Intravascular fashion
Respuesta
  • lung, stomach, intestine
  • ovaries, uterus, bladder
  • head and neck, lung and prostate
  • there is no correct answer

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Which of the following statements are characteristic of the cancer cell biology
Respuesta
  • cellular "immortality"
  • angiogenic ability
  • altogether
  • ability to invade and metastasize

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Indicate which factors are associated with tumor progression
Respuesta
  • IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α
  • EGF / R, VEGF / R, HER-2, PDGF
  • OPG, RANK, RANKL
  • a+b

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Paraneoplastic syndrome is due to
Respuesta
  • tumor progression
  • ectopic secretion of hormone-like peptides and immune response to the tumor
  • metastasis
  • the intoxication of the organism

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Which tumors are hormone-dependent in their development
Respuesta
  • breast carcinoma
  • colon carcinoma
  • endometrial carcinoma
  • all listed

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Genetic changes leading to carcinogenesis are
Respuesta
  • Spontaneous mutations in cell cycle regulating genes
  • Mutations in genes regulating the replication and repair of DNA
  • Multiple mutations
  • All answers are correct

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Characteristics of neoplastic cells are
Respuesta
  • loss of apoptosis
  • high proliferative potential
  • tendency for invasion
  • each indicated

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
The most common primary brain tumors are
Respuesta
  • anaplastic astrocytomas
  • glioblastomas
  • oligodendrogliomas
  • there is no true answer

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
The mean survival rate for malignant CNS tumors is
Respuesta
  • 5-10 months
  • 15-18 months
  • 2 years
  • One year

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
A radical method for the treatment of solitary («3 cm) CNS tumors is
Respuesta
  • radiotherapy of the brain
  • radiosurgery
  • operative treatment
  • chemotherapy

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Radiation is an important part of the complex treatment. The total dose of craniotherapy is
Respuesta
  • 40 Gy
  • 60 Gy
  • 80 Gy
  • There is no true answer

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Chemotherapy incorporates
Respuesta
  • Cisplatin
  • Gemcitabine
  • Temozolamide
  • There is no true answer

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Medulloblastoma is predominantly located in the rear cranial well and occurs most commonly in
Respuesta
  • The 3rd and 4th decades of life
  • Childhood
  • 2nd and 3rd decade of life
  • Newborns

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
The main methods of diagnosis and follow-up of treatment effect in CNS tumors are
Respuesta
  • CT and MRI
  • MRI and PET scan
  • CT and PET scan
  • All answers are correct

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Symptomatic therapy in CNS tumors includes
Respuesta
  • dexamethasone, tranquilizers, diuretics
  • anxiolytics, diuretics
  • anticonvulsants, diuretics, dexamethasone
  • all answers are correct

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Brain metastases are yielded most commonly by
Respuesta
  • Prostate and lung carcinoma
  • Thyroid and gastric carcinoma
  • Carcinoma of the mammary gland and lung carcinoma
  • Kidney and GIT carcinoma

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Which treatment method will be preferred for solitary brain metastasis
Respuesta
  • Brachytherapy
  • Percutaneous external irradiation
  • Operational extirpation
  • Radiosurgery

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
Temozolamide used to treat brain tumors belongs to which group of cytostatics based on its mechanism of action
Respuesta
  • anthracycline
  • antimetabolite
  • an alkylating agent
  • atyrosine kinase inhibitor

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
Methods for the treatment of multiple brain metastases are
Respuesta
  • surgery
  • radiotherapy
  • chemotherapy
  • b+c

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
List the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure [blank_start]Altered[blank_end] behaviour [blank_start]Blurred vision[blank_end] Feeling less alert than usual [blank_start]Headache[blank_end] Lack of energy or sleepiness [blank_start]Vomiting[blank_end] Weakness or problems with moving or talking
Respuesta
  • Altered
  • Blurred vision
  • Headache
  • Vomiting

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
Risk factors for head and neck tumors are
Respuesta
  • chronic etilism, 3rd and 4th decade of life, male Sex, tobacco chewing
  • smoking, systemic use of alcohol and mutation in p53 gene
  • female sex, smoking, alcohol abuse
  • all answers are correct

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
The most common head and neck tumors metastasize
Respuesta
  • Via lymphatics
  • Via blood
  • Ref. a+b
  • Neighborhood invasion/ local invasion

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Head and neck tumors occur with the highest frequency at which anatomic sites
Respuesta
  • The oral cavity
  • Oropharynx
  • Larynx
  • Sinus

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
The characteristic clinical picture includes
Respuesta
  • pain, fever, soore, difficulty swallowing
  • ulcer. dysphagia, otalgia
  • dysphagia, dyspnoea, swelling in the neck, soor
  • all answers are correct

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
The most common histology of head and neck tumors is
Respuesta
  • adenocarcinomas
  • epidermoid carcinomas
  • squamous cell carcinomas
  • there is no true answer

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
A leading treatment approach for head and neck tumors is
Respuesta
  • radiotherapy
  • chemotherapy
  • chemoradiotherapy
  • all answers are correct

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
The most common early radiation reactions are
Respuesta
  • dysphagia and oropharyngeal mucositis
  • reduced hearing and odinophagia
  • larynx edema
  • a+c

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
Late radiation complications are
Respuesta
  • trismus, reduced hearing
  • oropharyngeal mucositis and dysphagia
  • radiographic fibrosis
  • a+c

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
The gold standard for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is
Respuesta
  • surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
  • operative intervention and subsequent radiotherapy
  • combined chemoradiotherapy
  • all the options listed

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
Targeted therapy for head and neck tumors is performed with
Respuesta
  • Bevacizumab
  • Cetuximab
  • Panitumumab
  • Nivolumab

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
HPV is related to the etiology of
Respuesta
  • cervical carcinoma
  • anogenital carcinoma
  • head and neck carcinoma
  • all listed

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Head and neck tumors include neoplasia originating from anatomical locations
Respuesta
  • salivary glands, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal sinus
  • larynx, pharynx, oral and nasal cavities, parotid gland
  • parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
  • parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal sinus

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
Tumors of head and neck are characterized by
Respuesta
  • increased frequency in Central Asia
  • mainly affect female subjects
  • most common in the western world
  • a+b

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
Complete the term against the relevant definition of premalignant lesions that are associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma: [blank_start]Leucoplakia[blank_end] - hyperkeratosis + underlying epithelial hyperplasia [blank_start]Erythroplakia[blank_end] - superficial erythema spots near to normal mucosa due to epithelial dysplasia
Respuesta
  • Leucoplakia
  • Erythroplakia

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
The therapeutic approach to advanced disease includes
Respuesta
  • protocols with combined modality (radiochemotherapy)
  • radical surgery
  • administration of platinum-based chemotherapy protocol
  • the combined use of surgery radiotherapy

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
The four major histological types of lung carcinoma are
Respuesta
  • large cell, squamous, papillary, small cell
  • small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell
  • spinocellular, acinar, small cell, large cell
  • there is no correct answer

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
Which histological type has the worst prognosis?
Respuesta
  • spinocellular
  • acinar adenocarcinoma
  • small cell
  • there is no true answer

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
What are the principal biomarkers for NSCLC?
Respuesta
  • EGFR, HER-2
  • K-RAS, HER-2
  • ALK, PDL-1
  • EGFR, ALK, PDL-1

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
The standard for ChTh in radically operated patients with NSCLC is
Respuesta
  • APCT containing taxane
  • APCT containing cisplatin
  • APCT containing vinorelbine
  • APCT containing anthracyclines

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
Target therapies for NSCLC include
Respuesta
  • Bevacizumab, Panitumumab, Nivolumab
  • Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Crizotinid
  • Pertuzumab, Cetuximab, Pembrolizumab
  • There is no true answer

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
Malignant Mesothelioma is characterized by (one wrong answer)
Respuesta
  • The main method of treatment is chemotherapy
  • Origin from the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, testicular envelopes.
  • A causal relationship with exposure to asbestos
  • There are a large percentage of patients with five years of survival

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
Which of the following statements about lung carcinoma is NOT correct
Respuesta
  • more prominent for developed countries
  • the main cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women
  • there are 2 major histological types - small cell and non-small cell
  • has a high-sensitivity tumor marker for diagnosis

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
Which of the following statements for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) compared to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is true
Respuesta
  • SCLC is more radiosensitive
  • SCLC is less chemosensitive
  • SCLC is more likely to have a peripheral localization in the lung
  • Tendency towards early and rapid metastasis

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
73 years old man has an increasing pain in the lumbar segment of the spine, more pronounced at bedtime. From the history - a long-standing hypertonic; sometimes smokes 1-2 cigarettes a week. Physical status is normal. Laboratory studies have found elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. From radiograph of the lumbar segment - a lytic bone lesion of the third lumbar vertebra. Which of the following cancers is the most likely diagnosis:
Respuesta
  • carcinoma of the stomach
  • non-small cell lung carcinoma
  • sarcoidosis
  • mesothelioma

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
Immunotherapy in lung carcinoma is performed with
Respuesta
  • BCG vaccine
  • Immunomodulators
  • Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab
  • There is no true answer

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
Pulmonary carcinoma metastasizes most often in
Respuesta
  • liver
  • pleura and mediastinal lymph nodes
  • brain
  • bones

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
The recommended behavior of a General Practitioner in a patient with a blood clot is
Respuesta
  • Follow-up for one month
  • X-ray and consultation with a pneumologist no later than two weeks
  • CT scan
  • X-ray and surgery referral

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
What is the significance of EGFR expression Studies, KRAS mutation and ALK in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Respuesta
  • They are prognostic markers for survival
  • Reference markers for surgery
  • EGFR-TKI response markers
  • Possibility for personalized treatment

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
Which factors are not carcinogens for lung cancer
Respuesta
  • Smoking
  • Radiation
  • A diet rich in fat
  • Avitaminoses

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is
Respuesta
  • Symptom of Peak Lung Cancer Symptom
  • Complication of radiotherapy
  • Paraneoplastic syndrome in lung carcinoma
  • Paraneoplastic syndrome in ovarian cancer

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
Contemporary molecular genetic tests on lung cancer biopsy specimen include
Respuesta
  • EGFR mutation
  • PDF
  • ALK
  • All answers are correct

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
Peripheral lung lesions suspect for carcinoma are indicated for further diagnostic testing with
Respuesta
  • Surgical resection
  • Transthoracal needle biopsy
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Mediastinoscopy

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
For pleural effusion suspicious of lung carcinoma indicated is
Respuesta
  • X-ray and consultation with a pulmonologist
  • VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopy) with a biopsy
  • Magnetic resonance tomography
  • Positron emission tomography

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
Palliative therapy in lung cancer is
Respuesta
  • associated with a high risk of fatal toxicity
  • associated with increased life expectancy at reduced quality of life
  • followed by a 1 year life expectancy at improved quality of life
  • does not change life expectancy

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
Which statement is true for Luminous type A?
Respuesta
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, low Ki 67
  • ER PR- positive, HER2-positive, low Ki 67
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67
  • There is no correct answer

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
Which statement is wrong for Luminous Type B?
Respuesta
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- overexpression, regardless of Ki 67
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- positive, low Ki 67
  • No wrong answer

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
In non-luminous type we observe?
Respuesta
  • ER, PR- negative, HER2- overexpression
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2-positive, Ki 67 low
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative
  • There is no correct answer

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
Genetic mutations in breast carcinoma are
Respuesta
  • BRCA 1, BRCA 2
  • BRCA1, BRCA2, p53
  • ALK, PDL 1
  • All listed

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
Standard treatment for luminal type A breast carcinoma includes
Respuesta
  • chemotherapy
  • hormone therapy
  • hormone therapy +/- chemotherapy at positive lymph nodes
  • there is no true answer

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2 negative breast carcinoma includes
Respuesta
  • chemotherapy
  • hormone therapy
  • hormone therapy +/- chemotherapy
  • all answers are correct

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2-positive breast carcinoma includes
Respuesta
  • chemotherapy, anti-HER 2 therapy
  • chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER 2 therapy
  • hormone therapy, chemotherapy
  • there is no true answer

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
Treatment in triple negative breast carcinoma includes
Respuesta
  • chemotherapy
  • hormone therapy
  • chemotherapy + hormone therapy
  • chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER2

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
Specify the standard treatment algorithm for breast cancer T2N1M0 without hormonal expression
Respuesta
  • PCT, surgery, radiotherapy
  • Surgery, PCT, radiotherapy
  • Radiotherapy, surgery, PCT
  • The three answers are correct

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
Specify the main tumor marker for diagnosis of breast cancer
Respuesta
  • CEA
  • CA 15-3
  • HGT
  • CA 19-9

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
The biological characteristic of the "triple-negative" breast cancer requires (choose one wrong answer)?
Respuesta
  • maximum severity of therapeutic behavior
  • hormonal therapy
  • strict monitoring due to the risk of early relapse and metastasis
  • affects younger women

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
Indicate which target drugs are used in HER positive breast cancer
Respuesta
  • Avastin, Panitumumab, Cetuximab
  • Herceptin, Lapatinib, Perjeta
  • Tarceva, Iressa, Avastin
  • Herceptin, Nivolumab, Crisotinib

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
A method of early detection (screening) of breast cancer is
Respuesta
  • Echography
  • Mammography in 2 projections
  • CT
  • MRI

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
The default markers for breast cancer are
Respuesta
  • The total CEA and CA 15-3
  • HER, estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki 67
  • Total CEA and CA 125
  • Serum alkaline phosphatase and LDH

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
In which % of cases the breast cancer has a genetic predisposition
Respuesta
  • 5%
  • 10%
  • 25%
  • 40%

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
Triple-negative breast cancer belong to which of the listed histological groups?
Respuesta
  • Luminal A
  • Luminal B
  • Basal-like
  • "Normal" -like

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
A recommended age group to start screening for early detection of breast carcinoma is
Respuesta
  • women over 60 years of age
  • women over 50 years of age
  • women aged 50-69
  • family-related women, regardless of age

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
All of these factors are associated with a decreased risk of developing breast cancer except for
Respuesta
  • Negative history of breastfeeding
  • First pregnancy before 18 years of age
  • Men after 15 years of age
  • Natural menopause before 42 years of age

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
Which of the following features is associated with an unfavorable prognosis for breast carcinoma
Respuesta
  • ER+
  • Low proportion of S-phase cells
  • Overexpression of erbB2 (HER-2)
  • PR+
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