Pregunta 1
Pregunta
When the diaphragm contracts in inspiration, what do the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall do?
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
When the diaphragm relaxes in expiration, what do the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall do?
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Why is it more difficult to breathe when lying down?
Respuesta
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Force is required to move the liver up the lumbar curvature of the spine
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The weight of the abdominal contents
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The pressure of the heart on the diaphragm
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The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are more difficult to contract when lying down
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the muscles of the chest wall, in particular the intercostal muscles.
Respuesta
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Clavicle
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Ribs
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Pectoralis major (cut)
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Internal intercostal
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Sternum
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External intercostals
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Serratus anterior
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External intercostal (closeup)
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Internal intercostal (closeup)
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Innermost intercostal (closeup)
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The following questions will be on the muscles of the pectoral region. Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the PECTORALIS MAJOR muscle.
ORIGIN: medial [blank_start]clavicle[blank_end], [blank_start]sternum[blank_end], [blank_start]costal cartilages[blank_end] 1-6, aponeurosis of [blank_start]external oblique[blank_end]
INSERTION: [blank_start]intertubercular sulcus[blank_end] of the humerus
ACTION: a[blank_start]dduction[blank_end], [blank_start]medial[blank_end] rotation and flexion of the upper limb, [blank_start]anteroinferior[blank_end] draw of the scapula
INNERVATION: lateral [blank_start](C5-C7)[blank_end] and medial [blank_start](C8-T1)[blank_end] pectoral nerves
Respuesta
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clavicle
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sternum
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costal cartilages
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ribs
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external oblique
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transversus abdominis
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intertubercular sulcus
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medial
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lateral
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dduction
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bduction
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anteroinferior
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(C5-C7)
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(C8-T1)
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the PECTORALIS MINOR muscle.
ORIGIN: ribs [blank_start]3-5[blank_end]
INSERTION: [blank_start]coracoid process[blank_end] of scapula
ACTION: stabilisation of the scapula by [blank_start]anteroinferior[blank_end] draw
INNERVATION: [blank_start]medial pectoral nerve (C5-C7)[blank_end]
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the SERRATUS ANTERIOR muscle.
ORIGIN: [blank_start]lateral[blank_end] aspects of ribs [blank_start]1-8[blank_end]
INSERTION: costal surface of the [blank_start]medial[blank_end] border of the scapula
ACTION: [blank_start]rotation[blank_end] of the scapula and stabilisation of the scapula against the ribcage
INNERVATION: [blank_start]long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)[blank_end]
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the SUBCLAVIUS muscle.
ORIGIN: junction of the [blank_start]1st rib[blank_end] and its costal cartilage
INSERTION: inferior surface of the middle third of the [blank_start]clavicle[blank_end]
ACTION: anchorage and [blank_start]depression[blank_end] of the clavicle
INNERVATION: nerve to subclavius [blank_start](C5 and C6)[blank_end]
Respuesta
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1st rib
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2nd rib
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clavicle
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depression
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elevation
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(C5 and C6)
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(C1 and C2)
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which of the following muscles are recruited for forced inspiration during respiratory distress?
Respuesta
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Sternocleidomastoid
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The scalenes
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Pectoralis major
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Pectoralis minor
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Subclavius
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Serratus anterior
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to show the accessory muscles of inspiration in the neck.
Respuesta
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Base of occipital bone
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Mastoid process
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Middle scalene
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1st cervical vertebra
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Anterior scalene
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Posterior scalene
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID muscle.
ORIGIN: [blank_start]manubrium[blank_end] of the sternum and [blank_start]medial third[blank_end] of the clavicle
INSERTION: [blank_start]mastoid process[blank_end] of the skull
ACTION: unilateral contraction gives [blank_start]ipsilateral[blank_end] flexion and [blank_start]rotation[blank_end] of the neck, [blank_start]bilateral[blank_end] contraction gives [blank_start]extension[blank_end] of the head/neck, [blank_start]elevation[blank_end] of the clavicle and sternum
INNERVATION: accessory nerve [blank_start](CNXI)[blank_end] and branches of [blank_start]cervical plexus[blank_end] (C2-C3)
Respuesta
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manubrium
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body
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medial third
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mastoid process
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ipsilateral
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rotation
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bilateral
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extension
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elevation
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(CNXI)
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(CNX)
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cervical plexus
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brachial plexus
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the ANTERIOR SCALENE muscle.
ORIGIN: [blank_start]anterior[blank_end] tubercles of [blank_start]transverse processes[blank_end] of [blank_start]C3-C6[blank_end]
INSERTION: scalene tubercle of the [blank_start]1st rib[blank_end]
ACTION: [blank_start]elevation[blank_end] of the first rib, unilateral contraction gives [blank_start]ipsilateral lateral flexion[blank_end] of the neck, bilateral contraction gives [blank_start]anterior flexion[blank_end] of the neck
INNERVATION: [blank_start]C5-C6[blank_end]
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the MIDDLE SCALENE muscle.
ORIGIN: [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] tubercles of the [blank_start]transverse processes[blank_end] of [blank_start]C2-C7[blank_end]
INSERTION: scalene tubercle of [blank_start]first rib[blank_end]
ACTION: [blank_start]elevation[blank_end] of the first rib, [blank_start]unilateral[blank_end] contraction gives [blank_start]ipsilateral[blank_end] lateral flexion of neck
INNERVATION: anterior rami of [blank_start]C3-C8[blank_end]
Respuesta
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posterior
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anterior
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transverse processes
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spinous processes
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C2-C7
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C3-C6
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first rib
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second rib
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elevation
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unilateral
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ipsilateral
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contralateral
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bilateral
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C3-C8
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the POSTERIOR SCALENE muscle.
ORIGIN: [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] tubercles of [blank_start]transverse processe[blank_end]s of [blank_start]C5-C7[blank_end]
INSERTION: [blank_start]second rib[blank_end]
ACTION: elevation of the [blank_start]second[blank_end] rib, [blank_start]ipsilateral[blank_end] lateral flexion of the neck
INNERVATION: [blank_start]C6-C8[blank_end]
Respuesta
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posterior
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anterior
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transverse processe
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C5-C7
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second rib
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first rib
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second
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first
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ipsilateral
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contralateral
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C6-C8
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
What name is given to the condition whereby at least 3 ribs are fractures in 2 places, causing that region of the chest wall to free itself and move independently?
Respuesta
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Flail chest
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Winged scapula
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Pneumothorax
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Pleural effusion
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
During inspiration, the flail segment of a chest wall will...
Respuesta
-
Move inwards
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Move outwards
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
During expiration, the flail segment of a flail chest will...
Respuesta
-
Move inwards
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Move outwards
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Why does flail chest cause respiratory distress?
Respuesta
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Increases the work of breathing
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Causes the lung to collapse
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Occludes the pulmonary capillaries
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Paralyses the diaphragm
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
When we fix the upper arm against a solid surface, which muscle to we recruit to elevate the chest?
Respuesta
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Pectoralis major
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Serratus anterior
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Subclavius
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which of the following muscles are the principle muscles of inspiration?
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which of the following muscles are the accessory muscles of inspiration?
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
During quiet breathing, how do we achieve expiration?
Respuesta
-
Elastic recoil of lungs, ribcage and diaphragm
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Contraction of the innermost intercostal muscles
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Contraction of the external intercostal muscles
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Contraction of the adominal muscles
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the following muscles do we use in expiration during active breathing?