IBS Set 5 Quiz - Genetics

Descripción

Genetics quiz
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Test por . ., actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por . . hace más de 9 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
What are promoter regions of DNA?
Respuesta
  • Gene regulatory elements that tell RNA polymerase to perform transcription.
  • Gene regulatory elements that tell DNA polymerase to perform transcription.
  • Gene regulatory elements that tell RNA polymerase to perform translation.
  • Gene regulatory elements that tell DNA polymerase to perform translation.

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Transcription factors bind to regulatory sequences and cause what?
Respuesta
  • Recruitment of RNA polymerase
  • Recruit of DNA polymerase

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
What does the green question mark represent?
Respuesta
  • Nucleosome
  • Chromosome
  • Telomere
  • Promoter region

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
The green arrow is pointing to what?
Respuesta
  • Linker DNA
  • Core DNA

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
The nucleosome is made up of what components?
Respuesta
  • Histone octamer of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.
  • Core DNA
  • Linker DNA
  • Histone tetramer of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
SRY is a transcription factor on the Y chromosome. It's absence/mutation leads to...?
Respuesta
  • Absence of the male phenotype, leading to production of a female phenotype.
  • Absence of the female phenotype, leading to production of the male phenotype.

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
The Y gene of the XY male genotype is gene-poor. What are two dosage compensation mechanisms that could help to equal gene expression levels in both males and females.
Respuesta
  • Upregulation of transcription of the X male chromosome
  • Inactivation of one of the X female chromosomes
  • Addition of an extra X chromosome in the male XY genotype

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Epigenetics produces multiple phenotypes from the same genotype.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Diploid cells have a single copy of an allele.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Autosomal conditions are genetic conditions that occur on non-sex chromosomes.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
An X-linked condition will only affect the phenotype of a female if the copies of the allele on each X chromosomes are abnormal.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Achondroplasia (dwarfism) is what type of condition?
Respuesta
  • Autosomal dominant
  • Autosomal recessive

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Albinism is what type of condition?
Respuesta
  • Autosomal recessive
  • Autosomal dominant

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
How might a child have achondroplasia despite the parents not having it?
Respuesta
  • Parent(s) are carriers
  • Paternity (social father)
  • Mutation in sperm/egg

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
How can two parents that have albinism have a child without albinism?
Respuesta
  • Albinism is autosomal recessive. This means that any child born to parents who both have albinism should also have albinism as there are no dominant traits in the parents as their genotypes are both homozygous recessive. The reason for the absence of albinism is because the mutated copies in the parents could differ in that the fathers two copies could inhibit a different enzyme in the metabolic pathway that leads to lack of pigment than the mothers. The child will inherit one copy from the father and one copy from the mother and therefore only 50% of each originally fully mutated pathway is inhibited and thus may still be able to produce sufficient melanin.
  • Albinism is autosomal dominant. This means that any child born to parents who both have albinism should also have albinism as there are no dominant traits in the parents as their genotypes are both homozygous dominant. The reason for the absence of albinism is because the mutated copies in the parents could differ in that the fathers two copies could inhibit a different enzyme in the metabolic pathway that leads to lack of pigment than the mothers. The child will inherit one copy from the father and one copy from the mother and therefore only 50% of each originally fully mutated pathway is inhibited and thus may still be able to produce sufficient melanin.

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Haemophilia results in blood clotting problems due to factor 7 deficiency.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Females are more likely to suffer from haemophilia
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Phenylketonuria is a disorder resulting from the production of phenylketones due to mutation in what enzyme?
Respuesta
  • Phenylalanine hydroxylase
  • Carbonic anhydrase
  • Phenylalanine anhydrase
  • Tyrosine hydroxylase

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
What are some causes of variation?
Respuesta
  • Selection pressure
  • Genetic drift
  • Founder effect
  • Bottleneck
  • Ethnic group selection (HbS)

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
How many pairs of autosomal chromosomes do most humans have?
Respuesta
  • 22
  • 1
  • 23
  • 46
  • 44

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Mitosis is important for what?
Respuesta
  • Growth
  • Repair
  • Tumour growth
  • Spermatogenesis
  • Oogenesis

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
What is crossing over?
Respuesta
  • Exchange of genetic information between homologous pairs of chromosomes which produces recombinant chromosomes.
  • The random assortment (lining up) of chromosomes that end up in the gametes.

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
What is independent assortment?
Respuesta
  • Exchange of genetic information between homologous pairs of chromosomes which produces recombinant chromosomes.
  • The random assortment (lining up) of chromosomes that end up in the gametes.

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
When does independent assortment occur?
Respuesta
  • First meiotic division
  • Second meiotic division

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
Chromosomal non-disjunction describes the failure of homologous chromosomes to seperate in the first or second division in meiosis or during mitosis.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Chromosomal non-disjunction can lead to trisomy of sex chromosomes.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
The following picture shows the process of meiosis in males
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
The following picture shows chromosomal non-disjunction of the...
Respuesta
  • First division
  • Second division

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
The following picture shows chromosomal non-disjunction during female meiosis.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Meiotic non-disjunction occurs pre-embryonically and therefore all cells are effected.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Mitotic non-disjunction occurs during embryonic division so there may be a mix of normal and abnormal cells, resulting in an abnormal conceptus.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
How does trisomy 21 (aka Down's) occur?
Respuesta
  • One copy of the mother's C21 translocates to C14. Upon fertilisation, the future child will have inherited two copies from the mother (due to the translocated C21 to C14 as well as the normal C21 copy) and a copy from the father, making 3 copies of C21.
  • The mother is a carrier of three C21 copies which leads to the child inheriting two copies of C21 from the mother and one from the father.
  • C14 changes into C21 upon fertilisation, therefore two copies are inherited from mother/father and one other copy from the father/mother.

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Mutations are frequently due to...
Respuesta
  • Copying errors during DNA replication
  • Spontaneous depurination
  • Background ionising radiation
  • Chromosomal non-disjunction
  • Splicing errors

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
A transcriptional mutation commonly affects the promoter region of a gene, therefore promotion to initiate transcription does not occur and thus a protein is not produced.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
A splice site mutation (deleted/creation of splice site) does not introduce introns into the mature mRNA transcript.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Common gene mutations are indicated in certain cancers.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
What is the function of the mismatch repair machinery?
Respuesta
  • The mismatch repair machinery helps to repair slippaged DNA (insertion/deletions) that escapes proofreading
  • The mismatch repair machinery helps to destroy cancer cells
  • The mismatch repair machinery helps to repair incorrectly paired DNA strands

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Sickle cell is caused by a substitution of hydrophilic valine for hydrophobic glutamate (GAG -> GTG)
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Cystic fibrosis is caused by deletion of a codon coding for a phenylalanine residue of the CFTR channel protein.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
PCR are repeated cycles of...?
Respuesta
  • Primer, Polymerase, Denaturation.
  • Polymerase, Primer, Denaturation.
  • Denaturation, Polymerase, Primer.
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