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| Question | Answer |
| What is an Element? | An Element is made up of only one type of atom |
| What is the Atomic Number? | The Number of Protons |
| What is the Mass Number? | The Number of protons and neutrons |
| What charge does a Proton, Neutron and an Electron have? | Proton= Positive Neutron= No Charge Electron=Negative |
| When does the Period Number and the Group Number tell us when drawing an atomic structure? | Group Number= Number of electrons in the outer electron shell. Period Number= Number of electron shells |
| What groups show metallic properties for Non-Metal? | Group 3,4,5 |
| Who arranged the elements in columns and what order were they in? | Dimitri Mendeleev ordered the elements in order of atomic mass |
| What are the properties of Metals and Non-Metals? | Metals -Good conductors of heat and electricity -High Melting and Boiling Points -Malleable -Ductile -Hard, Dense and Shiny Non-Metals -Poor Conductors of heat and electricity -Low melting and boiling points -Non-Malleable -Non-Ductile -Soft/brittle when solid, Low density, not shiny, many are gases at room temperature |
| What is a compound? | A compound is when two or more elements join together |
| What happens in a chemical reaction? | -No atoms are gained or lost -New substance is made |
| What are the state-symbols? | (l)=Liquids (s)=Solids (aq)= Aqueous Solution |
| What Charge does a metal and a non-metal have? | Metals=Positive Non-Metals=Negative |
| What is a Reactant and Product? | Reactants=Substances you react together Products=Substance that is made from the reactants |
| What is the equation for the combustion of methane in oxygen? | Methane+Oxygen→Carbon dioxide+Water |
| What is an Ore and Examples? | An Ore is a Substance that contains metal compounds e.g. Bauxite (aluminium ore) and Haematite (Iron Ore) |
| What two ways could metal be extracted from its ore? | Chemical Reaction Electrolysis |
| What is Electrolysis? | Electrolysis is splitting up compounds using electricity |
| "Below element X all elemts can be extracted by chemical reaction" What is this element? | Carbon |
| When is electrolysis used? | Is the elements is higher than carbon in the reactivity series |
| What does carbon do to when reacting with elements below it in the reactivity series? | It reduces the metal from its ore |
| What is Reduction and Oxidation? | Reduction is the removal of oxygen Oxidation is the gaining of oxygen |
| Gold and platinum is reduced my carbon" True or False and Why? | False because Gold and Platinum are very unreactive elements therefore they wont be found combined with other metals |
| What are the raw materials in the blast furnace and explain why is it used? | Iron ore (haematite)= It is used to produce Iron Carbon (Coke)=It burns with the Hot air and produces Carbon monoxide with then reduces iron from its ore Limestone=It helps to remove the impurities from the iron which then comes out as molten slag Hot Air (Oxygen)= It is used to burn the carbon |
| What are the 3 reactions in the blast furnace? | 1) Carbon+Oxygen→Carbon dioxide 2) Carbon Dioxide+Carbon→Carbon Monoxide 3) Iron Oxide+Carbon Monoxide→Carbon Dioxide+Iron |
| What are the issues that must be considered with extractions of metals from its ore? | 1) Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2) Fuel and Energy Costs 3) Environmental Impact (large) |
| What is the Electrolyte? | The Solution that Electricity passes through |
| What is the Electrode? | Where Electricity goes into the solution (Anode + Cathode - ) |
| Which electrode do metals ions go to and what happens there? | Cathode because they gain electrons to become NEUTRAL |
| Which electrode do non-metal ions go to and what happens there? | Anode because they lose electrons to become NEUTRAL |
| What are the properties of Aluminium and uses? | Properties -Good Conductors of heat and electricity -Low Density -Resistance to corrosion Uses -Cans -Aeroplanes -High-Voltage Lines |
| What are the properties of Copper and uses? | Properties -Very Good Conductors of heat and electricity -Malleable -Ductile Uses -Electrical Wires -Pipes -Saucepan Bottom |
| What are the properties of Titanium and uses? | Properties -Strong -Low Density -Resistance to corrosion |
| What is an Alloy and one example? | An Alloy is a Mixture of metals e.g. Stainless Steel |
| What is Nano-Science? | It is a Study of VERY small particles called nano-Particles |
| What is the size range of a Nano-Particle? | 1-100nm(nano-meters) |
| What are the properties of Nano-Sliver and its uses? | Properties -Anti-Bacterial -Anti-Fungal -Anti-Viral Uses -Socks and Deodorants that kill bacteria -Coating inside fridges -Wound dressing |
| Whys are many people concerned of use of Nano-Particles? | They can be easily be absorbed by the skin and breathed in because they are very small |
| Nano-Particles have same properties from the same materials at a larger scale, True or False | False- Nano-Particles have DIFFERENT properties from the same materials at a larger scale |
| What are he properties of Chlorine and its uses? | Properties -Poisonous/toxic -kills bacteria Uses -Swimming pools -Cleaning drinking water |
| What are he properties of Iodine and its uses? | Properties -Poisonous/toxic -kills bacteria Uses -Antiseptic (Operation) |
| What are he properties of Helium and its uses? | Properties -Low density -Very unreactive Uses -Helium Balloons |
| What are he properties of Neon and its uses? | Properties -Emits Light when electric current passes trough it Uses -Neon Lights |
| What are he properties of Argon and its uses? | Properties -Very unreactive Uses -In Light Bulbs (Old ones) |
| What are he properties of Oxygen and its uses? | Uses -Liquid form t burn rocket fuel -In Medicine as an aid to breathing |
| What are he properties of Hydrogen and its uses? | Uses -Fuel in Hydrogen Fuel Cells -Making certain types of hydrocarbons |
| What are the Advantages of Hydrogen as Fuel? | -High Energy Yield -No Greenhouse emissions -Easy to Ignite |
| What are the Disadvantages of Hydrogen as Fuel? | -Very Flammable -Expensive -Few 'Filling Stations' |
| What is the Test for Hydrogen and Oxygen? | Hydrogen= Burns with a squeaky pop when lighted Oxygen= Relights a glowing Splin |
| What is the Test for Carbon Dioxide? | Turns Lime water Milky |
| What is Fluoridation and what are the advantages and disadvantages of it? | It is adding fluorine in drinking water to prevent tooth decay however it is believed that it can cause bone cancer and it should be an individual choice |
| What is Chlorination and what are the advantages to it? | It is adding Chlorine to drinking water to kill bacteria |
| What is the pH for Strong Acid, Neutral and Strong Alkali? | Strong Acid=1 Neutral=7 Strong Alkali=14 |
| Name all the NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS | Alkali+Acid→Salt+Water Metal Oxide+Acid→Salt+Water Metal Hydroxide+Acid→Salt+Water Metal Carbonate+Acid→Salt+Water+Carbon Dioxide Metal+Acid→Salt+Hydrogen |
| What are Bases and what solution do they make? | Metal Hydroxide and Metal Oxide These Make an Alkali Solution when dissolved in water |
| What are the 3 Acids plus Chemical symbol? | Hydrochloric Acid=HCl Nitric Acid=HNO3 Sulphuric Acid=H2SO4 |
| What is Exothermic and Endothermic? | Exothermic=Give off Heat Endothermic=Temperature Decrease |
| Why is Excess Metal added to an Acid? | So all acid is reacted |
| What is crude oil? | Crude oil is a mixture if hydrocarbons formed over millions of years ago |
| What is a hydrocarbon? | Compounds made of Hydrogen and Carbon. Carbon form chains of different lengths |
| What is the process called of splitting crude oil? | Fractional Distillation |
| What is a fraction? | Crude oil is separated into less complex mixture called fractions. |
| What do fractions have in common? | Fractions separated contain hydrocarbons of similar chain length and boiling points |
| How are plastics made? | When fractions are cracked into small reactive molecules called monomers, which are used to make plastics |
| Example of a monomer used to make plastic | Ethene used to make the plastic polythene |
| What is a monomer and a polymer? | Monomer=Single small reactive molecule Polymer=Made by lots of monomers joining together |
| What is polymerisation and how does it happen? | The process of joining monomers to make polymers it happens when the double bond of a small reactive molecule breaks and joins to another monomer |
| Why are monomers reactive? | They have double bonds |
| Name some properties and uses of plastics? | PVC=Strong used in window frames Polystyrene=Low density used in packaging PTFE=Non-Stick used in frying pans Other Properties Flexible Good thermal insulators |
| Why have plastics replaced traditional materials such as metals,paper or glass? | Metals can easily RUST but plastics do not Paper bags are weak and plastics are strong Glass bottles can be dangerous and plastics are safer |
| What is the problem of burning plastics? | Burning plastics can release toxic fumes and contribute to global warming |
| What are some environmental issues with disposing plastics? | Dumping in landfill sites are not good as they are filling up and plastics will not decompose for hundreds of years |
| Why should we recycle plastics? | Recycling reduces the amount of waste,conserves crude oil,and requires less energy than making new plastics |
| What is the continental drift and who came up with this theory? | When tectonic plates move very slowly away from each other and Alfred Wegner came up with this theory |
| What pieces of evidence did Alfred Wegner use to support this theory of the continental drift? | Coastlines fit together like jigsaw and similar fossils were found on different continents |
| Why did other scientists not believe Alfred Wegner? | He did not have enough evidence to support his ideas |
| What geological events happen at a plate boundary? | Earthquakes and Volcanoes |
| Define Conservative,Constructive and Destructive plate margins. | Conservative=Plates slide past each other Constructive=Plates move away from each other Destructive= One plate subducts below another |
| What was discovered to explain the continental drift? | Convection Currents in the mantle |
| What were the main gases of the original atmosphere? | Carbon Dioxide, Water vapor being expelled from volcanoes |
| How were oceans formed? | The earth cooled and the water vapor condensed forming oceans |
| Why did the percentage of Carbon dioxide decrease? | It dissolved in the oceans, used in photosynthesis, locked in rocks |
| What is the composition of the present day atmosphere? | 21% Oxygen 78% Nitrogen 0.04% Carbon Dioxide 1% Other Gases |
| How was Nitrogen Formed? | Ammonia decomposed on reaction with oxygen forming nitrogen Ammonia+Oxygen→Nitrogen+Water |
| What 3 processes can change the composition of gases in the atmosphere? | Respiration Photosynthesis Combustion |
| What is the main cause of global warming? | Burning fossil fuels Deforestation |
| How is acid rain formed and what are the consequences? | When fossil fuels containing Sulphur reacts with oxygen to form Sulphur dioxide. this dissolves in the atmosphere water and falls as acid rain. I can dissolve limestone buildings, kills fish and makes water acidic |
| What are the effects of global warming? | Rising sea levels, climate change, melting ice caps |
| What are some solutions of global warming and acid rain? | Carbon Capture Sulphur Scrubbing |
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