3874686
Description
Flashcards by tiwariashley, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by tiwariashley
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Secretion of K+ by the distal tubule will be decreased by | spironolactone administration |
| Subjects A and B are 70kg men. Subject A drinks 2 L of distilled water and subject B drinks 2 L of isotonic NaCl. As a result of these ingestions subject B will have a | higher urine osmolarity |
| A woman with a history of severe diarrhea has the following arterial blood values: pH: 7.25 PCo2: 24 mmHg HCo3-: 10 mEg/l venous blood samples show decreased blood K+ and a normal anion gap. the correct diagnosis for this patient is | metabolic acidosis |
| A woman with a history of severe diarrhea has the following arterial blood values: pH: 7.25 PCo2: 24 mmHg HCo3-: 10 mEg/l venous blood samples show decreased blood K+ and a normal anion gap. The decreased blood K+ is a result of | increased circulating levels of aldosterone |
| The reabsorption of filtered HCO3- | is inhibited by decreases in arterial PCO2 |
| To maintain normal H+ balance total daily excretion of H+ should equal the daily | fixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion |
| One gram of Mannitol was injected into a woman. After equilibrium a plasma sample had a mannitol concentration of .8g/l. During the equilibrium period 20% of the injected mannitol was excreted in the urine. The subjects | ECF volume is 10L |
| At plasma concentrations of glucose higher than occur at transport maximum the | excretion of glucose increases with the increasing plasma glucose concentration |
| a negative free-water clearance(-CH20) will occur in a person who | has an oat cell carcinoma of the lung and excretes urine with an osmolarity of 1000 mOsm/L |
| A buffer pair(HA/A-) has a pK of 5.4. at a blood pH of 7.4 the concentration of HA is | 1/100 that of A- |
| What would produce and increase in the reabsorption of isosmotic fluid in the proximal tubule | increased filtration fraction |
| Which two substances can be used to measure interstitial fluid volume | insulin and radioactive albumin |
| At plasma para-aminohippuric acid ( PAH) concentrations below the transport maximum PAH | concentration in the renal vein is close to zero |
| Compared with a person who ingests 2 L of distilled water a person with deprivation will have a | higher rate of H2O reabsorption in the collecting ducts |
| What would cause an increase in both the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) | dilation of the afferent arteriole |
| Which of the following would best distinguish an otherwise healthy person with seven water deprivation from a person with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) | plasma osmolarity |
| What causes a decrease in renal Ca2+ clearance | treatment with chlorothiazide |
| A patient has the following arterial blood values: pH: 7.52 PCO2: 20 mm Hg HCO3: 16 mEq/l Which statements about the patient is correct | he has decreased ionized Ca2+ in blood |
| A patient arrives at the ER with low arterial pressure, reduced tissue turgor and the following arterial blood values: pH= 7/69 HCO3= 57mEq/L PCO2= 48 mm Hg What response would be expected to occur in this patient | exchange of intracellular H+ for extracellular K+ |
| which ion has a higher concentration in intracellular fluid then in extracellular fluid | K+ |
| a woman has a plasma osmolarity of 300 mOsm/l and a urine osmolarity of 1200 mOsm/L the correct diagnosis is | central diabetes insipidus |
| A patient is infused with para-aminohipuric acid (PAH) to measure renal blood flow (RBF). She has a urine flow rate of 1ml/min a plasma PAH of 1mh/ml a urine PAH of 600 mh/ml and hematocrit of 45%. What is her effective RBF | 1091 ml/min |
| What substance has the highest renal clearance | PAH Para-aminohippuric acid |
| A woman runs a marathon in 90 degree weather ad replaces all volume lost in sweat by drinking distilled water. After the marathon she will have | decreased plasma osmolarity |
| what causes hyperkalemia | exercise |
| What is the cause of metabolic alkalosis | hyperaldosteronism |
| What does the parathyroid hormone do on the renal tubule | stimulate adenylate cyclase |
| A man presents with hypertension and hypokalemia. Measurement of his arterial blood pressure reveals a pH of 7.5 and a calculated HCO3- of 32 mEq/L. His serum cortisol and urinary vanillylmandelic acid VMA are normal his serum aldosterone is increased. and his plasma renin activity is decreased. What is the cause for his hypertension | Conn's Syndrome |
| What set of arterial blood values describes a heavy smoker with a history of emphysema and chronic bronchitis who is becoming increasingly somnolent | Ph 7.32 HCO3- 30 PCO2 60 |
| What set of arterial blood values describes a patient with partially compensated respiratory alkalosis after 1 month on a mechanical ventilator | Ph 7.50 HCO3- 15 PCO2 20 |
| What set of arterial blood values describes a patient with chronic renal failure ( eating a normal protein diet) and decreased urinary excretion of NH4 | Ph 7.31 HCO3- 16 PCO2 33 |
| What set of arterial blood values describes a patient with untreated diabetes mellitus and increased d urinary excretion of NH4 | Ph 7.31 HCO3- 16 PCO2 33 |
| What set of arterial blood values describes a patient with a 5 day history of vomiting | Ph 7.65 HCO3- 48 PCO2 45 |
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