142358
Description
Mind Map by jamesbaily, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jamesbaily
over 11 years ago
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STRUCTURE OF
WORKING MEMORY
- Multicomponent model.
- Baddeley & Hitch 1974
assumed one component
of WM is a limited capacity
speEch based store capable
of storing two to three items
- This subsystem was
described as an
ARTICULATORY
REHEARSAL LOOP
- This can roughly be
equated to the earlier
concept of STM
- Can be used to
store small memory
loads during
cognitive tasks, and
is responsible for
the effect of
phonemic similarity
on performance.
- Small irrelevant
memory load can be
stored in ARL (AL)
without taxing the
CENTRAL EXECUTIVE
- Small irrelevant
memory load can be
stored in ARL (AL)
without taxing the
CENTRAL EXECUTIVE
- Can be used to
store small memory
loads during
cognitive tasks, and
is responsible for
the effect of
phonemic similarity
on performance.
- This can roughly be
equated to the earlier
concept of STM
- This subsystem was
described as an
ARTICULATORY
REHEARSAL LOOP
- Second component: described as
CENTRAL EXECUTIVE,
- Responsible for control &
coordination of mental
operations in a range of
activities including but
extending beyond reasoning,
comprehension, learning and
memory.
- Seen as a limited
capacity workspace
that can be flexibly
allocated to control
processes or
temporary info
storage.
- A larger memory load would
take up extra memory
resources in the CE.
- Due to limit on capacity of workspace, this theoretical account
maintains that there will be a trade off such that fewer
resources are available to support processing operations
when temporary storage demands increase.
- Due to limit on capacity of workspace, this theoretical account
maintains that there will be a trade off such that fewer
resources are available to support processing operations
when temporary storage demands increase.
- A larger memory load would
take up extra memory
resources in the CE.
- Responsible for control &
coordination of mental
operations in a range of
activities including but
extending beyond reasoning,
comprehension, learning and
memory.
- Third Component:
VISUO-SPATIAL
SCRATCHPAD
- Info from DUAL TASK
studies (Baddeley &
Hitch) suggests there
are seperate resources
for dealing with either
verbal (ARL) or
visuo-spatial info.
- V-SS analogous to ARL
- V-SS analogous to ARL
- Info from DUAL TASK
studies (Baddeley &
Hitch) suggests there
are seperate resources
for dealing with either
verbal (ARL) or
visuo-spatial info.
- THIS TRIPARTITE MODEL WAS
DEVELOPED FURTHER BY BADDELEY
(1983, 1986). iLLUSTRATED ON PG 161
MAIN TEXT BOOK.
- An interesting observation about thois model though is that
neurological patients can show selective impairments in
visuo-spatial STM and imagery tasks, suggestive of a separate
brain location for V-S function. (pg161 MTB)
- Using dual task methodology Badelley & Lieberman (1980) made observation
that use of a visual imagery mnemonic was disrupted by a spatial task but
not by a visual task.
- This pattern not observed when the mnemonic
strategy was rote rehearsal rather than imagery,
indicating it wasn't a function of the relative
difficulty of the spatial and visual interfering
tasks.
- B & L (1980) interpreted this as
evidence that mental imagery is
spatial rather than visual.
- Hitch (1995) did some interesting research
illuminating the idea that this counterintuitive
conclusion did not generalise to all forms of
imagery. MTB pg162 paragraph 1.
- In review of visuo-spatial WM Logie (1995)
suggested there were separate visual and spatial
systems such that a spatial movement system can be
used to rehearse the contents of a visual store.This
corresponds to a visuo-spatial analogue of the
articulatory loop.
- PHONOLOGICAL WORKING MEMORY: New Mind Map attached.
- PHONOLOGICAL WORKING MEMORY: New Mind Map attached.
- In review of visuo-spatial WM Logie (1995)
suggested there were separate visual and spatial
systems such that a spatial movement system can be
used to rehearse the contents of a visual store.This
corresponds to a visuo-spatial analogue of the
articulatory loop.
- Hitch (1995) did some interesting research
illuminating the idea that this counterintuitive
conclusion did not generalise to all forms of
imagery. MTB pg162 paragraph 1.
- B & L (1980) interpreted this as
evidence that mental imagery is
spatial rather than visual.
- This pattern not observed when the mnemonic
strategy was rote rehearsal rather than imagery,
indicating it wasn't a function of the relative
difficulty of the spatial and visual interfering
tasks.
- Using dual task methodology Badelley & Lieberman (1980) made observation
that use of a visual imagery mnemonic was disrupted by a spatial task but
not by a visual task.
- An interesting observation about thois model though is that
neurological patients can show selective impairments in
visuo-spatial STM and imagery tasks, suggestive of a separate
brain location for V-S function. (pg161 MTB)
- Baddeley & Hitch 1974
assumed one component
of WM is a limited capacity
speEch based store capable
of storing two to three items
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