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16316570
Skeletal and Muscular system
Description
A-level Pe revsion material on skeletal and muscular system
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a-level pe
physical education (pe)
a level
Mind Map by
Abby Dance
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Abby Dance
over 5 years ago
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Resource summary
Skeletal and Muscular system
Main roles of the Skeletal System
Protection to internal organs
Framework for the body
Ligament
Tough band of slightly elastic connective tissues-Connects bone to bone and stablises joints during movement
Synovial Fluid
Lubricating liquid in joint cavities-Reduces friction
Articular Cartilage
Smooth tissue which covers articulating bones-absorbs shock
Joint Capsule
Joint sac in inner synovial membrane it encloses and strengthens the joint
Bursa
Closed fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub bones-Reduces friction between tendon and bone
Crucial for movement
Joint size and shape of articulating bones will allow a specific range of movement at a joint
Large range-Ball and Socket joint
Smaller range-Hinge joint
Planes of movement
Sagittal plane lies vertically-Divides the body Left to Right
Frontal plane lies vertically-Divides front and back
Transeverse planelies horizontally-Divides upper and lower
Horizontal extension
Horizontal flexion
Rotation
Abduction-away from midline
Adduction-closer to midline
Flexion-Decreases joint angle
Extension-Increases joint angle
Dorsi Flexion-toes up
Plantar Flexion-toes down
Types of joints
Hinge Joint-Elbow
Pivot Joint-Radio-Ulnar
Condyloid Joint-Wrist
Gliding Joint-Spin
Ball and Socket-Shoulder
Origin-the point the muscle attaches to a stationary bone
Insertion-the point muscle attaches to a moveable bone which gets closer to origin as the muscle contracts
Muscles never work alone they always work in pairs-Antagonistic Pairs
Agonist-creates movement at a joint-Prime mover
Antagonist-opposes the agonist providing a resistance
Fixator-a muscle that stabilises one part of the body while another part moves
Example of a antagonistic pairs
Flexion at the wrist
Agonist-Wrist flexors
Antagonist-Wrist extensors
Isotonic contractions-when a muscle changes length
Concentric-muscle shortens producing tension.This creates a force to pull two bones closer together causing movement
Eccentric-when muscle lengthens producing tension.This resists force
Isometric contraction-when a muscle contracts without changing shape
Movement Analysis-assesing the movement of a athlete in a sport.What to consider in a exam question
Joint type
Articulating bones
Movement pattern
Agonist muscle
Antagonistic muscle
Contraction type
Media attachments
Skeletal System (binary/octet-stream)
Planes Of Movement1 (binary/octet-stream)
Muscular (binary/octet-stream)
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