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49525
INTRO TO PATHOLOGY 2
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Bio Med and Pathology Mind Map on INTRO TO PATHOLOGY 2, created by aahughes on 18/04/2013.
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bio med and pathology
bio med and pathology
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aahughes
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aahughes
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INTRO TO PATHOLOGY 2
Feeling ill:symptoms each with pathological basis
General Symptoms: fever nausea,pain
Specific Symptoms:swelling,rash,shortness of breath
PATHOGNOMIC ABNORMALITIES
Restricted to a single disease
Extremely useful in diagnosis - presence leaves no doubt
Disease characterised by a number of abnormalities - SYNDROMES
COMPLICATIONS/SEQUALE
prolonged, distant or secondary consequence
eg paralysis is a sequale of poliomyelitits
PROGNOSIS
The known or likely course of the disease - fate of the patient
subject to medical or surgical intervention
Natural course prognosis
Therapeutic course prognosis
REMISSION/RELAPSE
Remission: active disease to quiescence
Signs and symptoms may re-appear
This is the process of RELAPSE
CELL TISSUE RESPONSE TO INJURY
INFLAMMATION, REPAIR, AND NEOPLASIA are the tissue response to injury
most disease reflect one of these three processes
Involving cytokines,enzymes
CELLUAR PROCESSES
MORPHOGENISIS:biological process in which an organism develops its shape
CELL DIFFERENTIATION:cells become specialised in function
CELL GROWTH
CELL TURNOVER
Growth is dependent on a balance of cell proliferation and death
Regeneration: replacement of injured cells
cells are LABILE, STABLE OR PERMENANT
Cell turnover is regulated by inhibitors/inducers or Apoptosis
LABILE:proliferate normally, associated with normal turnover of cells
STABLE:replicate at low levels, can be rapid at times of need ie fibroblasts
PERMANENT:do not replicate ie nerve cells cardiac muscle
APOPTOSIS
Programmed cell death
Inherent in every cell
Differs from Necrosis:cell death reults from acute cellular injury
EXTRINSIC INDUCERS:hormones, growth factors,cytokine
INTRINSIC:heat, radiation, nutrient depr, viral, hypoxia
FREE RADICALS:unpaired electron from smoking, destabilizes cells
ANTIOXIDANT:natural substance that prevent damage to cells
Cell turnover Inducers: activate cell shrinkage and death
allows clearance with damage to other tissues
CELL INJURY:chemical,physical, bio agents
FATTY OR HYDROPHIC CHANGES
Accumulation of lipids: alcoholism, diabetes
AMYLOIDOSIS:insoluable protiens depositedon tissues impairing functions
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