Nucleotides

What is it?
1. Type of biological molecules comprised of three things...
  1. Pentose Sugar
  2. Nitrogenous Base
  3. Phosphate group
2. They are the monomers that make up DNA and RNA
  1. These are types of nucleic acids
3. ADP and ATP are special types of nucleotide and are used for storing and transporting energy
DNA
1. Has a pentose sugar that is deoxyribose
2. Each DNA nucleotide has the same sugar and phosphate group
3. There are four possible nitrogenous bases...
  1. Pyrimidine
    1. Cytosine
    2. Thymine
    3. A Pyrimidine base has one carbon-nitrogen ring
  2. Purine
    1. Adenine
    2. Guanine
    3. A Purine has two carbon-nitrogen rings
4. Two polynucleotide chains joined together
RNA
1. Has a ribose pentose sugar
2. Like DNA, RNA has a phosphate group and four possible bases
3. Uracil (pyrimidine) is a base that replaces Thymine
4. Made up of a single polynucleotide chain
Formation of Polynucleotides
1. Nucleotides join by a condensation reaction between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another
  1. This is a phosphodiester bond
    1. A reverse hydrolysis reaction can take place to break down the polynucleotide chain

Resource summary

	Created by Dean Lundie over 8 years ago