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Fluid deficits
- Isotonic dehydration
- Proportionally equivalent
amounts of water and solute
(Na, Cl) are lost from the body
- Plasma Na & Cl
concentrations stay
constant/unchanged
- Hemoconcentration
possible (increased
PCV & plasma protein)
- Proportionally equivalent
amounts of water and solute
(Na, Cl) are lost from the body
- Hypertonic dehydration
- Free water loss
> solute loss
- See increased Na & Cl
(b/c solute free water
lost from body)
- Hemoconcentration likely
- Examples
- Diabetes insipidus
- Lack of ADH or no
response to ADH-
unable to retain free
water Patient can
compensate with
adequate water intake
- Lack of ADH or no
response to ADH-
unable to retain free
water Patient can
compensate with
adequate water intake
- Osmotic diarrhea
- Nonabsorbable drugs
(lactulose), sugar
- Nonabsorbable drugs
(lactulose), sugar
- Osmotic diuresis
- IV mannitol administration
(water follows mannitol)
- IV mannitol administration
(water follows mannitol)
- Diabetes insipidus
- Free water loss
> solute loss
- Hypotonic dehydration
- Solute (Na & Cl) loss > water loss
- See decreased Na & Cl b/c
solute-rich water is lost
- Hemoconcentration likely
- Predominant loss of electrolytes results in simultaneous
contraction of ECF volume to restore osmotic equilibrium,
many dz can result in electrolyte loss (through kidney,
GI, skin/sweat, 3rd space) which induces secondary
water loss (water follows electrolytes)
- Examples
- Secretory diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Profuse sweating in horses
- Secretory diarrhea
- Solute (Na & Cl) loss > water loss
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