Flashcards
Restless Earth Glossary
Flashcards do conjunto (42)
- 1CrustThe outer layer of the earth
- 2PlateA section of the earth's crust
- 3Plate MarginThe boundary where two plates meet
- 4MantleThe dense, mostly solid layer between the outer core and the crust
- 5Convection currentsThe circular currents of heat in the mantle
- 6SubductionThe sinking of oceanic crust at a destructive margin
- 7CollisionThe meeting of two plates of continental crust. They are both the same type so they meet ‘head on’ and buckle
- 8Fold mountainsLarge mountain ranges where rock layers have been crumpled as they have been forced together
- 9Ocean trenchesDeep sections of the ocean, usually where an oceanic plate is sinking below a continental plate
- 10Composite volcanoA steep-sided volcano that is made up of a variety of materials, such as lava and ash
- 11Shield volcanoA broad volcano this is mostly made up of lava
- 12SubsistenceFarming to provide food and other resources for the farmer’s own family
- 13TerracesSteps cut into hillsides to create areas of flat land
- 14IrrigationArtificial watering of the land
- 15Hydroelectric powerThe use of flowing water to turn turbines to generate electricity
- 16Natural hazardAn occurrence over which people have little control, which poses a threat to people’s lives and possessions. This is different from a natural event as volcanoes can erupt in unpopulated areas without being a hazard
- 17Primary effectsThe immediate effects of the eruption, caused directly by it
- 18Secondary effectsThe after-effects that occur as an indirect effect of the eruption on a longer timetable
- 19AidMoney, food, training and technology given by richer countries to help poorer ones, either to help with an emergency or to encourage long-term development
- 20EarthquakeA sudden and often violent shift in the rocks forming the earth’s crust, which is felt at the surface
- 21Immediate responsesHow people react as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath
- 22Long-term responsesLater reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event
- 23VentThe opening – usually central and single – in a volcano, from which magma is emitted
- 24LaharThese secondary effects of a volcanic eruption are mudflows resulting from ash mixing with melting ice or water
- 25SupervolcanoA mega colossal volcano that erupts at least 1,000km3 of material
- 26CalderaThe depression of the supervolcano marking the collapsed magma chamber
- 27FissuresExtended openings along a line of weakness that allow magma to escape
- 28GeothermalWater that is heated beneath the ground, which comes to the surface in a variety of ways
- 29GeyserA geothermal feature in which water erupts into the air under pressure
- 30Hot spotA section of the earth’s crust where plumes of magma rise weakening the crust. These are away from plate boundaries
- 31EarthquakeA sudden and brief period of intense ground shaking
- 32FocusThe point in the earth’s crust where the earthquake originates
- 33Richter ScaleA logarithmic scale used for measuring earthquakes, based on scientific recordings of the amount of movement
- 34EpicentreThe point at the earth’s surface directly above the focus
- 35Shock wavesSeismic waves generated by an earthquake that pass through the earth’s crust
- 36Mercalli scaleA means of measuring earthquakes by describing and comparing the damage done, on a scale of I to XII
- 37DebtMoney owed to others, to a bank or to a global organisation such as the World Bank
- 38The three PsThe collective term for prediction, protection and preparation
- 39PredictionAttempts to forecast an event – where and when it will happen – based on current knowledge
- 40ProtectionConstructing buildings so that they are safe to live in and will not collapse
- 41PreparationOrganising activities and drills so that people know what to do in event of an earthquake
- 42TsunamiA special type of wave where the entire depth of the sea or ocean is set in motion by an event, often an earthquake, which displaces the water above it and creates a huge wave
Informações
- Descrição
- GCSE Geography (Paper 1) FlashCards sobre Restless Earth Glossary, criado por Clare Magor em 26-03-2015.
- Criado por
- Clare Magor · mar 2015
- Atualizado
- 15 ago 2017
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