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4257052
Biology Unit 1
Descrição
Mind map of simple facts you need to know for SQA Higher Biology
Sem etiquetas
biology unit 1
dna and the genome
rna
sqa
biology
unit 1
higher school certificate(hsc )
Mapa Mental por
Roza Stevenson
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Roza Stevenson
quase 9 anos atrás
176
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Resumo de Recurso
Biology Unit 1
Structure of DNA
DNA molecule
Base pairs (A,T,G,C)
Determines genotype
Held together by weak hydrogen bonds
Deoxyribose Sugar
Joined by a strong chemical bond
Phosphate
Genetic information stored in the DNA
Double stranded helix
3' end and 5' end
starts with deoxyribose
Finishes with a phosphate
Organisation of DNA
Prokaryotes
Circular chromosomal DNA & plasmids
Also found in yeast calls
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
nuclei that contain linear chromosomes
tightly coiled around proteins
Mitochondria & chloroplast contain circular chromosomes
Animals
Fungi
Green plant
Replication of DNA
1. DNA is replicated by DNA Polymerase
A primer is needed to start replication
Short sequence of nucleotides formed at the 3' end of the parent strand
2. DNA is unwound to form 2 template strands
This occurs in several locations on the DNA molecule
3. DNA Polymerase adds complimentary nucleotides to the 3' end
4. DNA Polymerase can only do this in 1 direction
So one strand (leading 3'-5') can be replicated continuously
So the other strand (lagging 5'-3') is replicated in fragments
The fragments are joined together by ligase
For all this to happen things need to be present:
a DNA template
free DNA nucleotides
ATP to break H bonds
DNA primer
DNA Polymerase
Ligase
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR
a technique used for the amplification of DNA in vitro (in the lab)
Primers are complimentary to specific target sequences
The sequences are either end of the region to be amplified
Heat is used to separate the DNA strands
The strands are then cooled to allow the primers to bond
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