Questão 1
Questão
If Resorption < Formation:
Questão 2
Questão
Which of the following are bone mass determinants:
Responda
-
Genetics
-
Age
-
Mechanical loading
-
Protein intake
-
Calcium intake
-
Vitamin D
-
Sex steroids
-
Vitamin C
Questão 3
Questão
Sclerostin is released by which of the following?
Responda
-
Osteocytes
-
Osteoblasts
-
Osteoclasts
-
Lining Cells
Questão 4
Questão
Sclerostin __________ Wnt signalling in Osteoblasts/Osteocytes
Questão 5
Questão
With deformity of bone (on loading), sclerostin secretion:
Questão 6
Responda
-
SclerOSTin
-
Stimulated by OSTeocyte
Questão 7
Questão
Obligatory urine Calcium loss is [blank_start]__________[blank_end] mg/d (although [blank_start]__________[blank_end] after menopause).
Responda
-
150-200
-
1000
-
25
-
300
-
More
-
Less
Questão 8
Questão
Recommended daily allowance for calcium changes according to age, but broadly mostly around:
Responda
-
1000
-
70
-
150-200
-
700
-
2000
-
1500-2000
-
25
-
300
Questão 9
Questão
Vitamin D [blank_start]__________[blank_end] gut Calcium absorption:
Questão 10
Questão
A non-Calcium-rich diet will usually have approximately [blank_start]__________[blank_end] mg/d Calcium. This is [blank_start]__________[blank_end]% of recommended intake.
Responda
-
300
-
1000
-
150-200
-
30
-
15-20
-
25
-
100
-
70
Questão 11
Questão
True or false: Exposure to the sun is [normally] our main source of Vitamin D.
Questão 12
Questão
True or false: Diet is [normally] our main source of Vitamin D.
Questão 13
Questão
What’s the recommended daily intake of Vitamin D?
Responda
-
1000IU (25μg)
-
25IU (1000μg)
Questão 14
Questão
Which of the following accelerates Vitamin D degradation?
Responda
-
Some medications
-
LOW Calcium intake
-
HIGH Calcium intake
-
HIGH PTH
-
LOW PTH
Questão 15
Questão
Which of the following groups are commonly associated with increased risk of Vitamin D deficiency?
Responda
-
Geriatric admissions to hospital
-
Dark-skinned people, especially with modest dress
-
Obese people
-
Fair skinned people with severe tan
-
Fair skinned people who avoid sun because of skin cancer risk
-
Office workers
-
Night shift workers
-
Farmers
Questão 16
Questão
In a study of 100 office workers in Sydney, sunscreen users had [blank_start]__________[blank_end] Vitamin D levels compared to non-users.
Questão 17
Questão
How does Vitamin D help bone health?
Responda
-
Increases gut Calcium absorption
-
Facilitates bone mineralisation
-
Important for muscle function
-
Permits release of bone stores of Calcium
-
It doesn’t
Questão 18
Questão
Vitamin D deficiency leads to increased bone turnover. Severe Vitamin D deficiency leads [primarily] to?
Responda
-
Osteomalacia
-
Osteoporosis
-
Both of the above
-
Neither of the above
Questão 19
Questão
Adequate levels of [blank_start]__________[blank_end] are needed to maximise Calcium absorption and [blank_start]__________[blank_end] ParaThyroid Hormone (PTH).
Responda
-
25OHD
-
25HD
-
25OD
-
2OH5D
-
20O5HD
-
Suppress
-
Increase
Questão 20
Responda
-
25(OH) vitamin D
-
1,25(OH) vitamin D
-
1,25(OH)2 vitamin D
-
25(OH)2 vitamin D
Questão 21
Questão
Severe CALCIUM deficiency can lead to:
Responda
-
Osteoporosis
-
Osteomalacia
-
Rickets
Questão 22
Questão
Severe VITAMIN D deficiency can lead to Osteomalacia/Rickets. Are they the same thing?
Questão 23
Questão
Which of the following helps to maintain normal balance between bone formation and resorption:
Responda
-
Androgens
-
Oestrogens
-
Both of the above
-
Neither of the above
Questão 24
Questão
True or False: Oestrogens help to keep bone cells alive.
Questão 25
Questão
True or False: Androgens help to keep bone cells alive.
Questão 26
Questão
True or false: Anorexia leads to weak bones solely through nutrient deficiency.
Questão 27
Questão
Glucocorticoids (Cortisone etc) are catabolic at pharmacologic doses. Where does each manifestation occur?
↓ Calcium absorption in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
↑ Calcium losses in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
↓ IGF-1 in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
Questão 28
Questão
Protein intake helps:
Responda
-
Bone function
-
Muscle function
-
Both of the above
-
Neither of the above
Questão 29
Questão
If a diet contains inadequate Calcium to replace urinary losses, what happens?
Responda
-
Raid bones for Calcium
-
Nothing