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Conception yr 1: Pathology (a few muscle questions too cuz I'm dumb)

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This work is based on Temidayo's plenary which I was thankfully given access to
Plymouth Med
Quiz por Plymouth Med, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Plymouth Med
Criado por Plymouth Med mais de 6 anos atrás
11
1
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Which is not part of the spermatic cord's contents?
Responda
  • Cremasteric Artery
  • Ductus Deferens
  • Artery of the Ductus Deferens
  • Pampiniform Plexus
  • Lymphatic Vessels
  • Genitofemoral Nerve (Genital Branch)
  • Testicular Artery
  • Parasympathetic Nerve fibers
  • Sympathetic nerve fibers
  • Cremasteric Muscle

Questão 2

Questão
What is true regarding descent of the gonads?
Responda
  • Originally from level T10
  • Pulled down by ligamentous cord gubernaculum
  • Bring along blood supply, nerves, and lymphatics
  • In women Gubernaculum becomes the round ligament of the uterus
  • In women gubernaculum becomes ligament of ovary proper
  • In men, the gubernaculum disintegrates
  • In men, part of the gubernaculum becomes the scrotal ligament that "anchors" the scrotum in place outside the body
  • Originally from Level L4
  • Descent happens early--middle pregnancy
  • Descent happens in late pregnancy/early birth

Questão 3

Questão
What is of clinical importance of varicocele?
Responda
  • sometime chronic pain
  • acute pain
  • "Bag of worms" appearance
  • testicular blood supply is blocked
  • testicular veins widen due to dysfunctioning
  • can affect fertility/potency
  • irreversible damage
  • may have swelling
  • extreme pain
  • usually unpainful

Questão 4

Questão
What is the clinical importance of hydrocele?
Responda
  • "transilluminate" test
  • painful swelling
  • painless swelling
  • excess fluid accumulate around testis
  • fluid escapes tunica albuginea
  • fluid escapes tunica vaginalis
  • can affect fertility/potency

Questão 5

Questão
Which are layers of the scrotum
Responda
  • Skin
  • Dartos Fascia
  • External Spermatic Fascia
  • Cremaster fascia
  • Dartos Muscle
  • Internal Spermatic Fascia
  • Tunica Albuginea
  • Tunica Vaginalis
  • Corpus Cavernosum
  • Ischiocavernous muscle

Questão 6

Questão
What does the Cloaca give rise to?
Responda
  • Genital tubercle
  • Urethral folds
  • Anal Fold
  • Genital Swelling
  • External Genitalia
  • Uterus
  • Bladder
  • Prostate

Questão 7

Questão
What are the symptoms characteristic of Hypospadias?
Responda
  • multiple urethral openings on ventral side
  • multiple urethral openings on dorsal side
  • abnormal urination
  • apyrexial
  • high fevers
  • normal vital signs
  • highly visible swelling

Questão 8

Questão
What is sensitivity?
Responda
  • How likely to give true positives
  • How likely not to give false negatives
  • How likely not to give false positives
  • How likely to give false negatives

Questão 9

Questão
What is the probability of correctly identifying a non-diseased person?
Responda
  • Sensitivity
  • Specifity
  • Likelihood

Questão 10

Questão
Positive predictive values tell us how likely we are to get the disease
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 11

Questão
Negative predictive value is how likely patient does not have the condition
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 12

Questão
What are the defining characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? (POS)
Responda
  • Hyperandrogenism (high testosterone) and anovulation
  • Dysmennorea
  • Painful abdomen
  • Increased surge of estrogens

Questão 13

Questão
Diagnosis requirements of PCOS?
Responda
  • oligo-ovulation or anovulation
  • 12< cysts on ovaries
  • symptoms like hirsutism, alopecia, and acne
  • 20< cysts on ovaries
  • polyovulation
  • dyspareunia

Questão 14

Questão
PCOS can lead to ______________.
Responda
  • Hyperprolactemia
  • Cushing's Syndrome
  • Thyroid Disorder (Hypothyroidism)
  • Androgen-secreting ovarian or adrenal tumors
  • Addison's Disease
  • Diabetes II
  • Heart Disease

Questão 15

Questão
What is endometriosis?
Responda
  • growth of endometrial tissue elsewhere than the uterine cavity
  • inflammation of the endometrium
  • excessive proliferation of the endometrium
  • Tumor of the endometrium

Questão 16

Questão
Important clinical factors of endometriosis?
Responda
  • cyclic or chronic pelvic pain
  • infertility
  • dysmennorea
  • dyspareunia
  • menorrhagia
  • discolored discharge
  • endometrial tissue most commonly in pouch Douglas, pelvic cavity, uterosacral ligaments, and bladder
  • endometrial tissue most commonly in vagina, cervix, and rectum
  • diagnosis using ultrasound (see lesions, cysts, and peritoneal deposits)
  • diagnosis using laporoscopy (see lesions, cysts, and peritoneal deposits)

Questão 17

Questão
Management of endometritis?
Responda
  • asymptomatic: only analgesia if needed
  • goal: promotion of ovulation pills promoting LH
  • goal: suppression of ovarian function Combined pill or GnRH agonists
  • Give pills to manage stress
  • Surgical removal of endometrial lining of the womb (Laparoscopic endometrial ablation)
  • Surgical alteration of endometrial womb thickness (laparoscopic endometrial retroversion)
  • Only can give analgesics because cannot cure

Questão 18

Questão
If post-menopausal bleeding at least 1 year after last period, endometrial carcinoma until proven otherwise.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 19

Questão
Beta HCG isn't reliable for vaginal bleeds to rule out pregnancy/ectopic pregnancyy
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 20

Questão
What is PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)
Responda
  • any infection of the womb
  • autoimmune disease of the pelvic bones
  • any infection of the womb and fallopian tubes

Questão 21

Questão
What most commonly causes PID (3 answers)?
Responda
  • STI ex: chlamydia
  • Post parturition
  • contraceptive device insertion ex: coil
  • sexual activity
  • hereditary; autosommal recessive

Questão 22

Questão
Most noteworthy symptoms of PID?
Responda
  • pelvic pain/lower abdominal pain
  • fever
  • dyspareunia
  • vaginal discharge
  • post-sex vaginal bleeding
  • vomiting
  • red appearance of tummy and hips
  • inability to walk at all

Questão 23

Questão
Which test is NOT done when investigating PID?
Responda
  • blood test
  • urine test
  • swabs and culture
  • pregnancy test
  • ultrasound
  • X-ray fluroscopy

Questão 24

Questão
Management of PID?
Responda
  • 2 different types of Antibiotics broad-spectrum (IV if high fever or peritonitis)
  • Avoid intercourse until full healing
  • Remove IUD/ inserted contraceptive devices if severe
  • Refer to GUM clinic if STD
  • Specific antibiotics if cause known
  • Surgical alteration
  • Radiation/ chemotherapy
  • Phototherapy

Questão 25

Questão
Because PID can cause scarring of fallopian tubes and uterus, it can lead to...
Responda
  • reoccurent PID
  • ectopic pregnancies (higher risk)
  • decreased fertility
  • peritonitis
  • hypoxia of uterine tissue
  • widespread septicemia

Questão 26

Questão
What hormone(s) increases after menopause?
Responda
  • LH
  • FSH
  • LH and FSH
  • LH and estrogen
  • estrogen
  • estrogen and FSH

Questão 27

Questão
What is 2nd trimester?
Responda
  • wk 0-12
  • wk 13-24
  • 25-36/38
  • wk-30-38
  • wk 20-40

Questão 28

Questão
What pills can induce abortion?
Responda
  • Mifepristone and Misoprotol
  • Mifepristone
  • Misoprostol
  • Misonefer
  • Misonefer and Mysterin
  • Metaformin

Questão 29

Questão
A skeletal muscle can be innervated by nerves from more than one single spinal cord level
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 30

Questão
[blank_start]Proprioception[blank_end] is how the body knows the relative position of our muscles. Specifically, the [blank_start]cerebellum[blank_end] and [blank_start]cerebral[blank_end] [blank_start]cortex[blank_end] This is how we know what our feet are doing or where they are even if they're not visible.
Responda
  • Proprioception
  • cerebellum
  • cerebral
  • cortex

Questão 31

Questão
What are examples of proprioception?
Responda
  • golgi tendon bodies
  • muscle spindles
  • joints sensors
  • skin sensors
  • myotomes
  • dermatomes
  • deep tendon reflex

Questão 32

Questão
[blank_start]Golgi[blank_end] [blank_start]tendon[blank_end] [blank_start]bodies[blank_end] force you to relax to prevent muscle overexertion. They also help with [blank_start]fine[blank_end] movement.
Responda
  • Golgi
  • tendon
  • bodies
  • fine

Questão 33

Questão
During low intensity exercise, most of our energy comes from [blank_start]fatty[blank_end] [blank_start]acids[blank_end]. Once exercise hits [blank_start]70[blank_end]% max intensity, most our energy comes from [blank_start]carbohydrates[blank_end].
Responda
  • fatty
  • acids
  • 70
  • carbohydrates

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