Lungs and Pleurae

Label the diagram to show the lobes and fissures of the lungs.

The right lung is slightly larger than the left.

Where is the lingula in relation to the heart?

How many lobes does the right lung have?

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the orientation of the lubes of the lungs. The left and right oblique fissures run from the spinous process of [blank_start]T3[blank_end] to the [blank_start]6th rib[blank_end] at the [blank_start]midclavicular line[blank_end]. The right horizontal fissure runs from the [blank_start]5th rib[blank_end] at the [blank_start]midaxillary line[blank_end] and the [blank_start]4th rib[blank_end].

Why can PET scans show lung masses?

What is a pneumothorax?

What will happen to air in a pneumothorax during expiration?

What will happen to air in a pneumothorax during inspiration?

Fill in the blanks to describe a tension pneumothorax. A tension pneumothorax occurs when the defect in the chest wall acts as a flap [blank_start]valve[blank_end]. During [blank_start]expiration[blank_end], the defect [blank_start]closes[blank_end] and air cannot leave the thorax. During [blank_start]inspiration[blank_end], great pressure caused by the pleural cavity filling with [blank_start]air[blank_end] causes the heart to be shifted to the right. This compresses the heart and lung.

What name do we have the harsh transition between misty grey tissue and black tissue on an X-ray of a pneumothorax?

Drag and drop the correct lung pathology to its x ray.

Why is there consolidation of lung tissue in x-rays of chests with pneumonia?

What is pleural effusion?

What is the terminal functional unit of the lung?

What is the correct orientation of the hilum of the right lung, superior to inferior?

What is the correct orientation of the lung hilum of the left lung, superior to inferior?

Label this image of the posterior surfaces of the lungs and their relations.

The bronchus starts dividing in the hilum of the lung at the root.

Label this image to show the positions of the structures of the lungs.

Drag the correct answers to describe how you would perform auscultation on the anterior chest wall. To listen to the apex of the lung you would listen [blank_start]above the clavicle[blank_end]. To listen to the superior lobe of the right lung you would listen [blank_start]in the 2nd intercostal space[blank_end]. To listen to the middle lobe of the right lung you would listen [blank_start]in the 4th intercostal space[blank_end]. To listen to the inferior lobe of the right lung you would listen [blank_start]in the 6th intercostal space[blank_end].

Label this image to show the lymph drainage of the lungs.

Which of the pleural membranes are supplied by branches of segmental intercostal nerves from the thoracic vertebrae?

Which of the pleural membranes are innervated by the phrenic nerves?

Where is pain more highly localised?

Where is pain referred to the shoulders?

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lungs from?

What is the sympathetic innervation of the lungs from?

Parasympathetic stimulation causes bronchoconstriction.

Sympathetic stimulation causes bronchodilatation.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves that innervate the lungs form anterior and posterior plexuses.