Questão 1
Questão
What is the superior boundary of the mediastinum?
Questão 2
Questão
What is the inferior boundary of the mediastinum?
Questão 3
Questão
What is the lateral border of the mediastinum?
Responda
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Lungs
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Ribs
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Transversus abdominis
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External oblique
Questão 4
Questão
What is the anterior border of the mediastinum?
Questão 5
Questão
What is the posterior border of the mediastinum?
Questão 6
Questão
Label this diagram to show the regions of the mediastinum.
Responda
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Sternal angle
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Superior mediastinum
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Posterior mediastinum
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Middle mediastinum
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Inferior mediastinum
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Anterior mediastinum
Questão 7
Questão
Label these diagrams to show the boundaries of the mediastinum.
Questão 8
Questão
What is the level of the sternal angle?
Questão 9
Questão
Drag and drop the correct answers to give the borders of the superior mediastinum.
Superior - [blank_start]superior thoracic aperture[blank_end]
Inferior - [blank_start]continuous with the inferior mediastinum[blank_end]
Anterior - [blank_start]manubrium[blank_end]
Posterior - [blank_start]vertebral bodies of T1-T4[blank_end]
Lateral - [blank_start]pleurae of lungs[blank_end]
Responda
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superior thoracic aperture
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continuous with the inferior mediastinum
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manubrium
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vertebral bodies of T1-T4
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pleurae of lungs
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inferior thoracic aperture
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body of sternum
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xiphisternum
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vertebral bodies of T2-T4
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vertebral bodies of T1-T5
Questão 10
Questão
The aortic arch occurs in the superior mediastinum.
Questão 11
Questão
Where is the thymus gland found?
Questão 12
Questão
At what point does your thymus gland stop producing T cells?
Responda
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Puberty
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Birth
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Death
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Age of 21
Questão 13
Questão
Fill in the blanks to describe the contents of the superior mediastinum.
- A[blank_start]ortic arch[blank_end] thus including the b[blank_start]rachiocephalic[blank_end] artery, left common [blank_start]carotid[blank_end] artery and left [blank_start]subclavian[blank_end] artery
- Superior [blank_start]vena cava[blank_end] thus including the b[blank_start]rachiocephalic[blank_end] veins and the az[blank_start]ygos[blank_end] vein
- The v[blank_start]agus[blank_end] nerves, p[blank_start]hrenic[blank_end] nerves and s[blank_start]ympathetic[blank_end] trunk
- The t[blank_start]hymus[blank_end] gland
- The t[blank_start]rachea[blank_end]
- The o[blank_start]esophagus[blank_end]
- The [blank_start]thoracic[blank_end] duct
Responda
-
ortic arch
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rachiocephalic
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carotid
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subclavian
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vena cava
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rachiocephalic
-
ygos
-
agus
-
hrenic
-
ympathetic
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hymus
-
rachea
-
esophagus
-
thoracic
Questão 14
Questão
Label this image to show some of the great vessels found in the superior mediastinum.
Questão 15
Questão
Drag and drop the correct answers to give the borders of the anterior mediastinum.
Superior - [blank_start]continuous with superior mediastinum[blank_end]
Inferior - [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end]
Anterior - [blank_start]body of the sternum[blank_end]
Posterior - [blank_start]pericardium[blank_end]
Lateral - [blank_start]mediastinal pleura[blank_end]
Questão 16
Questão
The thymus extends inferiorly into the anterior mediastinum in infants and children.
Questão 17
Questão
What ligaments are present in the anterior mediastinum?
Responda
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Sternopericardial ligaments
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Costopericardial ligaments
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Costochondral ligaments
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Pleurapericardial ligaments
Questão 18
Questão
Drag and drop the correct answers to give the borders of the posterior mediastinum.
Superior - [blank_start]continuous with superior mediastinum[blank_end]
Inferior - [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end]
Anterior - [blank_start]pericardium[blank_end]
Posterior - [blank_start]T5-T12 vertebrae[blank_end]
Lateral - [blank_start]mediastinal pleura[blank_end]
Responda
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continuous with superior mediastinum
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diaphragm
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pericardium
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T5-T12 vertebrae
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mediastinal pleura
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T6-T12 vertebrae
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costal cartilage
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transverse processes of T5-T12
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superior thoracic aperture
Questão 19
Questão
Fill in the blanks to give the contents of the posterior mediastinum.
- The [blank_start]thoracic[blank_end] aorta and thus the posterior [blank_start]intercostal[blank_end] arteries, the b[blank_start]ronchial[blank_end] arteries, the o[blank_start]esophageal[blank_end] arteries and the superior [blank_start]phrenic[blank_end] arteries
- The [blank_start]azygos[blank_end] venous system
- The o[blank_start]esophagus[blank_end]
- The [blank_start]thoracic[blank_end] duct
- The [blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] trunk
Responda
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thoracic
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intercostal
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phrenic
-
ronchial
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esophageal
-
azygos
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esophagus
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thoracic
-
sympathetic
Questão 20
Questão
Label this diagram to show the relations of the contents of the posterior mediastinum.
Questão 21
Questão
Where does the left vagus nerve branch to give the left recurrent laryngeal nerve which ascend to the larynx?
Responda
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Aortic arch
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Left subclavian artery
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Pulmonary trunk
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Left main bronchus
Questão 22
Questão
The vagus nerves form an anterior and posterior plexus respectively which still have branches that interconnect them.
Questão 23
Questão
Between what vessels is the left vagus sandwiched during its descent into the trunk?
Responda
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Subclavian artery and subclavian vein
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Left common carotid artery and left jugular vein
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Brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery
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Superior vena cava and brachiocephalic trunk
Questão 24
Questão
Label this image to show how the vagus nerve branches in the thorax.
Questão 25
Questão
Label this image to show the points of potential compression of the oesophagus.
Responda
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Cricoid cartilage
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Aortic arch
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Left main bronchus
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Left atrium
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Oesophageal hiatus
Questão 26
Questão
The upper third of the oesophagus is skeletal muscle then it transitions into smooth muscle more inferiorly.
Questão 27
Questão
Label this image to show branches of the thoracic aorta.
Questão 28
Questão
Label this image to show the venous drainage of the thorax.
Responda
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Superior vena cava
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Left superior intercostal vein
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Accessory hemiazygous vein
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Hemiazygos vein
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Intercostal veins
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Azygos vein
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Arch of azygos
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Right superior intercostal vein
Questão 29
Questão
What structure does the sympathetic trunk run into the trunk alongside?
Questão 30
Questão
Label this diagram to show how the nerves of the thorax enter via the superior thoracic aperture.
Responda
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Phrenic nerve
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Vagus nerve
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Sympathetic chain
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Brachial plexus
Questão 31
Questão
Label this image to show the organisation of the nerves supplying the larynx.
Responda
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Right superior laryngeal nerve
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Left superior laryngeal nerve
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Right common carotid artery
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Left common carotid artery
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Right vagus nerve
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Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
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Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
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Left vagus nerve
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Right subclavian artery
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Aortic arch
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Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
Questão 32
Questão
The internal laryngeal nerves penetrate the thyrohyoid membrane.
Questão 33
Questão
Which division of the autonomic nerve system causes vasconstriction in the lungs?
Responda
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Sympathetics
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Parasympathetics
Questão 34
Questão
Which division of the autonomic nervous system has afferent pain fibres that refer lung pain to the sternum?
Responda
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Parasympathetics
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Sympathetics
Questão 35
Questão
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for bronchodilation and bronchosecretion?
Responda
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Sympathetics
-
Parasympathetics
Questão 36
Questão
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is afferent to the visceral pleura for stretch reception?
Responda
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Sympathetics
-
Parasympathetics
Questão 37
Questão
Which spinal nerves give sympathetic innervation to the lungs?
Questão 38
Questão
Fill in the blanks to describe the origins of the following plexuses.
The pulmonary plexus has sympathetics from [blank_start]T1-T5[blank_end] and parasympathetics from the [blank_start]vagus nerve[blank_end].
The cardiac plexus has sympathetics from [blank_start]T1-T4[blank_end] and parasympathetics from the [blank_start]vagus nerve[blank_end].
The oesophageal plexus has sympathetics from [blank_start]T2-T6[blank_end] and parasympathetics from the [blank_start]vagus nerve[blank_end].
Responda
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vagus nerve
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vagus nerve
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vagus nerve
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T1-T5
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T1-T4
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T2-T6