Questão 1
Questão
Approximately how many bones make up the vertebral column?
Questão 2
Questão
Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?
Responda
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Axial support of the body above the pelvis
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Protection of the spinal cord
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Posture and movement
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Protection of the internal organs
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Protection of the cerebrospinal fluid
Questão 3
Questão
What is the advantage of the vertebral column consisting of several slightly mobile linkages rather than only a few highly mobile articulations?
Responda
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Stability and flexibility
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Better protection of the spinal cord
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Better protection of the internal organs
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Less flexible
Questão 4
Questão
Which segments of the vertebral column retain the primary curve seen in the original foetal curvature of the spine?
Responda
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Thoracic spine
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Sacrococcygeal spine
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Cervical spine
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Lumbar spine
Questão 5
Questão
Which segments of the vertebral column develop into secondary curves when the child begins to hold their head up, followed by when the child begins to walk?
Responda
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Cervical spine
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Lumbar spine
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Thoracic spine
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Sacrococcygeal spine
Questão 6
Questão
Which segments of the vertebral column are described as kyphotic?
Responda
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Thoracic
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Cervical
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Lumbar
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Sacral
Questão 7
Questão
Which segments of the vertebral column are described as lordotic?
Responda
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Cervical
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Thoracic
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Lumbar
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Sacral
Questão 8
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this thoracic vertebra from a superior view.
Responda
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Spinous process
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Superior articular facet
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Transverse process
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Transverse costal facet
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Pedicle
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Lamina
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Vertebral foramen
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Superior costal facet
Questão 9
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this lateral view of a thoracic vertebra.
Responda
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Superior costal facet
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Inferior costal facet
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Superior vertebral notch
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Superior articular facet
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Pedicle
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Inferior vertebral notch
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Inferior articular facet
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Spinous process
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Transverse costal facet
Questão 10
Questão
What do the inferior and superior vertebral notches form?
Responda
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Intervertebral foramina
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Transverse foramina
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Vertebral foramina
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Pedicles
Questão 11
Questão
Which component of the vertebrae is the weight-bearing component?
Responda
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Vertebral body
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Vertebral arch
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Pedicles
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Spinous processes
Questão 12
Questão
What structure of bone will you find in the internal structure of the vertebral body?
Questão 13
Questão
What aspect of the vertebrae forms the vertebral foramen in combination with the vertebral body?
Responda
-
Vertebral arch
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Pedicles
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Spinous processes
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Transverse processes
Questão 14
Questão
The vertebral foramina all align to form...
Questão 15
Questão
What is the function of the laminae and pedicles?
Responda
-
Transmit forces from the articular processes to the body
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Receive forces transmitted from the body
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Support body weight directly
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Form the intervertebral foramina
Questão 16
Questão
What can the transverse and spinous processes of the vertebral column act as?
Responda
-
Sites of muscular attachment
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Sites of articulation between adjacent vertebrae
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Weight-bearers
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Support the intervertebral discs
Questão 17
Questão
The following questions will be about the cervical spine. How many cervical vertebrae have?
Questão 18
Questão
Which of the following best describes the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae?
Questão 19
Questão
Each transverse process of the cervical vertebrae has an additional opening - the transverse foramen. What is the function of the transverse foramina?
Responda
-
Route for the vertebral arteries into the brain
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Route for the carotid arteries into the brain
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Route for the exit of the spinal nerves
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House the spinal cord
Questão 20
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this diagram of a cervical vertebra.
Questão 21
Questão
Which is true of the first cervical vertebra, the atlas?
Questão 22
Questão
The first cervical vertebra, the atlas, has the longest and most laterally extended transverse processes of the C spine.
Questão 23
Questão
Why are the superior articular processes of the first cervical vertebra, the atlas, deeply curved?
Responda
-
Articulation with the occipotal condyles of the skull
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Articulation with the axis
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Articulation with the mandible
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Provide a groove for the exit of the spinal nerve
Questão 24
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the first cervical vertebra, the atlas.
Responda
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Dens
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Anterior arch
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Superior articular facet
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Transverse foramen
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Transverse ligament
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Posterior arch
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Transverse process
Questão 25
Questão
What is the function of the second cervical vertebrae, the axis?
Responda
-
Axis of rotation for turning the head
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Supports the skull
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Supports the vertebral arteries
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Supports the upper 6 cervical vertebrae
Questão 26
Questão
What is the odontoid process/dens of the second cervical vertebra, the axis?
Responda
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Projection extending upwards which is held to C1 via the transverse ligament
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Long spinous process which is palpable from the skin
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Long transverse process extending to the right body
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Long spinous proccess projecting upwards towards the skull instead of downwards
Questão 27
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the second cervical vertebra, the axis.
Responda
-
Odontoid process/dens
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Superior articular facet
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Transverse foramen
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Lamina
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Spinous process
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Transverse process
Questão 28
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the force transmission down the cervical spine.
Responda
-
Occipital condyles
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Atlas C1
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Axis C2
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C3
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C4
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Weight of head
Questão 29
Questão
Why is the seventh cervical vertebra referred to as the vertebra prominens?
Responda
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It has a long spinous process which is palpable from the skin
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It has the longest, most lateral transverse processes of the cervical spine
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It has the largest body of the cervical spine
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Its transverse processes don't have transverse foramina
Questão 30
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the cervical spine as shown here.
Questão 31
Questão
The following questions will be about the thoracic spine. How many thoracic vertebrae do we have?
Questão 32
Questão
The thoracic vertebrae have smaller bodies than the cervical vertebrae.
Questão 33
Questão
What is significant about the thoracic vertebrae?
Responda
-
Long spinous process with pronounced downward angle
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Long spinous process with pronounced upward angle
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Long transverse processes
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Triangular shaped vertebral foramen
Questão 34
Questão
What is the function of the long spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae?
Responda
-
Limits flexion by overlapping with the next spinous process
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Contains facets for articulations of the rib
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Transmits force onto the body of the vertebra
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Transmits force onto the rib
Questão 35
Questão
The thoracic vertebrae have additional facets on their transverse processes. What do these articulate with?
Responda
-
The tubercles of the ribs
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The head of the ribs
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The superior thoracic vertebra
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The inferior thoracic vertebra
Questão 36
Questão
What is significant about the T11 and T12 vertebrae compared to the rest of the thoracic spine?
Questão 37
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this thoracic vertebra from a superior view.
Responda
-
Body
-
Vertebral foramen
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Superior costal facet
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Pedicle
-
Superior vertebral notch
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Superior articular facet
-
Spinous process
-
Lamina
-
Transverse costal facet
Questão 38
Questão
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe this thoracic vertebra from a lateral view.
Questão 39
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the thoracic spine and how the ribs articulate with it.
Questão 40
Questão
The following questions will be about the lumbar spine. How many lumbar vertebrae do we have?
Questão 41
Questão
The vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae are the largest and thickest of the entire vertebral column.
Questão 42
Questão
What happens to the vertebral foramina the further down the lumbar spine you go?
Responda
-
Become more triangular
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Become more circular
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Become narrower
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Become wider
Questão 43
Questão
Which is true of the transverse and spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae?
Responda
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Short
-
Long and narrow
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Long and blunt
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Nonexistent
Questão 44
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the lumbar vertebra shown here.
Questão 45
Questão
At what level does the spinal cord terminate?
Questão 46
Questão
Which is true of the sacrum?
Responda
-
5 individual vertebrae
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5 individual vertebrae that fuse by adulthood
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5 individual vertebrae that fuse by puberty
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5 individual vertebrae that fuse in the first 2 years of life
Questão 47
Questão
The sacrum has pairs of anterior and posterior formaina that provide roots for the exit of spinal nerves in place of transverse foramina.
Questão 48
Questão
What is the median sacral crest a remnant of?
Responda
-
The fused spinous processes
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The fused transverse processes
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The fused vertebral bodies
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The fused costal facets
Questão 49
Questão
What is the lateral sacral crest a remnant of?
Responda
-
The fused transverse processes
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The fused spinous processes
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The fused vertebral bodies
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The fused costal facets
Questão 50
Questão
What are the transverse ridges of the sacrum remnants of?
Responda
-
The fused intervertebral discs
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The fused transverse processes
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The fused spinous processes
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The fused costal facets
Questão 51
Questão
What is the name given to the superior anterior projection of bone forming the posterior margin of the pelvic inlet?
Questão 52
Questão
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the sacrum.
Responda
-
Sacral promontory
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Body of first sacral vertebra
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Transverse ridges
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Anterior sacral foramina
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Apex
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Coccyx
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Sacral canal
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Body
-
Superior articular process
-
Auricular surfaces
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Lateral sacral crest
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Median sacral crest
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Posterior sacral foramina
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Sacral hiatus
Questão 53
Questão
How many individual vertebrae fuse to form the coccyx?
Questão 54
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the coccyx.
Responda
-
Coccygeal cornua
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Transverse process
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Superior articular facet