Questão 1
Questão
EGF-(R) = [blank_start]Epidermal Growth Factor[blank_end] (Receptor)
ER = [blank_start]Estrogen Receptor[blank_end]
HER = [blank_start]Human Epidermal Receptor[blank_end]
HPV = [blank_start]Human PapillomaVirus[blank_end]
PR = [blank_start]Progesterone Receptor[blank_end]
VEGF (R) = [blank_start]Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor[blank_end] (Receptor)
TKI = [blank_start]Tyrosine kinase Inhibitor[blank_end]
ALK = [blank_start]Anaplastic lymphoma kinase[blank_end]
CRC = [blank_start]Colorectal carcinoma[blank_end]
MCA = [blank_start]Monoclonal antibody[blank_end]
Responda
-
Estrogen Receptor
-
Human Epidermal Receptor
-
Human PapillomaVirus
-
Progesterone Receptor
-
Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor
-
Epidermal Growth Factor
-
Tyrosine kinase Inhibitor
-
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
-
Colorectal carcinoma
-
Monoclonal antibody
Questão 2
Questão
According to WHO data by 2030, malignancies will be the leading cause of mortality. What place do they occupy now?
Responda
-
third
-
fourth
-
second
-
first
Questão 3
Questão
Which are the most often occurring tumors in children up to 10 years of age?
Responda
-
neuroblastoma, leukemias, gastrointestinal tumors
-
acute leukemias, brain tumors, Wilms tumor
-
retinoblastoma, nephroblastoma, gastrointestinal tumors
-
lymphomas, leukemias, brain tumors
Questão 4
Questão
What are the most common neoplasias in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life?
Responda
-
soft tissue tumors, testicular carcinoma
-
mesenchymal tumors, breast cancer
-
gastrointestinal tumors, osteosarcoma
-
lung cancer, head and neck tumors
Questão 5
Questão
What are the most common neoplasias in the 3rd and 4th decades of life?
Responda
-
female genital tract tumors, male genital tract tumors
-
breast cancer, uterine cancer, CRC
-
lung cancer, breast cancer, CNS tumors
-
head and neck tumors, sarcomas
Questão 6
Questão
What are the most common neoplasias after the 5th decade of life?
Responda
-
Lung carcinoma, prostate gland carcinoma
-
Tumors of GIT, bladder carcinoma
-
CRC, prostate and lung carcinoma
-
Head and neck tumors, lung cancer
Questão 7
Questão
There are differences In cancer morbidity and mortality between males and females. What is the gender predominance of CRC and stomach cancer?
Questão 8
Questão
Depending on geographic latitudes there is differential endemic Spread of neoplasms. Gastric carcinoma occurs predominantly in:
Responda
-
USA, Europe, Japan
-
Asia, Europe
-
Latin America, Eastern Europe, Japan
-
Southeast Asia and Africa
Questão 9
Questão
CRC occurs with the highest frequency in:
Questão 10
Questão
Mammary carcinoma is rare in:
Questão 11
Questão
The Epstein-Barr virus is associated with infectious mononucleosis nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. The latter has marked endemic spread:
Responda
-
The Scandinavian countries, Mongolia
-
Malaysia, Uganda, New Guinea
-
Japan, the Philippines
-
Australia and New Zealand
Questão 12
Questão
What is screening?
Responda
-
testing a group of people for the detection of early-stage cancers
-
examining a group of people when certain symptoms and complaints are present
-
detection of unplanned disease by tests and procedures that can be applied quickly
-
evidence of disease’s initial symptoms
Questão 13
Questão
What types of cancer screenings are available?
Responda
-
Lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, breast cancer
-
CRC, prostate, stomach
-
Breast cancer, prostate, cervical carcinoma
-
CRC, breast cancer, lung carcinoma
Questão 14
Questão
Which of the following cancers affect predominantly men
Responda
-
lung, prostate, colorectal carcinoma
-
melanoma, pancreas, lung
-
colon, prostate, melanoma
-
lung, pancreas, brain
Questão 15
Questão
Which tumors in women confer the lowest five-year survival rate?
Responda
-
breast
-
ovary
-
corpus uteri
-
lung
Questão 16
Questão
Areas with the highest oncological morbidity at present are
Responda
-
Americas
-
Europe
-
Africa
-
Europe and Americas
Questão 17
Questão
Which tumors in males confer the lowest five-year survival rate?
Responda
-
testicular carcinoma
-
lung cancer
-
prostate cancer
-
colon cancer
Questão 18
Questão
The most common Malignant tumor in Women is
Responda
-
Mammary Carcinoma
-
Cervical Carcinoma
-
Skin carcinoma
-
Ovarian Carcinoma
Questão 19
Questão
What is the most accurate definition of carcinogenesis?
Responda
-
The occurrence of mutations in more than one locus leading to the appearance of a transformed cell
-
Multistage and prolonged process leading to transformed cells with subsequent clonal selection and expansion
-
Multistage process of transformation and development of neoplastic clone
-
There is no correct answer
Questão 20
Questão
Tumorigenesis occurs in three stages
Responda
-
Proliferation, promotion, metastasis
-
Initiation, promotion, proliferation
-
Proliferation, promotion, progression
-
All answers are correct
Questão 21
Responda
-
the ability of cancer cells to metastasize via the blood and to form new vessels
-
uncontrolled growth of tissue that can deliver distant metastasize via the blood and the lymphatics
-
uncontrolled development of tissue with the ability to grow and metastasize by forming new vessels
-
there is no correct answer
Questão 22
Questão
Key features of the tumor cell are
Responda
-
ability to proliferate, metastasize, form new vessels and the possibility of apoptosis, invasion
-
loss of apoptosis, endless division, invasion and metastasis
-
generates signals for growth and development, ability to form new vessels and metastasize via the blood
-
all answers are correct
Questão 23
Questão
What is the definition of benign tumors?
Responda
-
varying degrees of cellular and structural differentiation, do not metastasize
-
highly differentiated tumors whose cells resemble those from which they originated
-
a high degree of cell differentiation, the presence of functional activity and metastatic ability
-
answers a+c
Questão 24
Questão
Which statement about malignant tumors is wrong?
Responda
-
varying degrees of cell differentiation and structural organization
-
cells are organized in monolayers with signs of anaplasia
-
have an infiltrative growth
-
there is no correct answer
Questão 25
Responda
-
a newly emerging tumor
-
the reappearance of a tumor following its surgical removal
-
the appearance of a tumor at the same site as the one removed
-
the appearance of regional lymph nodes
Questão 26
Questão
Malignant tumors have infiltrative growth, cellular atypism, are encapsulated capsule and have the ability to give regional and distant metastases.
This statement is
Responda
-
true
-
untrue
-
incomplete
-
ambiguous
Questão 27
Questão
Mesenchymal tumors metastasize
Responda
-
Via lymphatics
-
Via blood
-
Canalicularly
-
Intracavitary
Questão 28
Questão
The tumors of __________ metastasize in Intravascular fashion
Questão 29
Questão
Which of the following statements are characteristic of the cancer cell biology
Questão 30
Questão
Indicate which factors are associated with tumor progression
Questão 31
Questão
Paraneoplastic syndrome is due to
Questão 32
Questão
Which tumors are hormone-dependent in their development
Responda
-
breast carcinoma
-
colon carcinoma
-
endometrial carcinoma
-
all listed
Questão 33
Questão
Genetic changes leading to carcinogenesis are
Questão 34
Questão
Characteristics of neoplastic cells are
Questão 35
Questão
The most common primary brain tumors are
Responda
-
anaplastic astrocytomas
-
glioblastomas
-
oligodendrogliomas
-
there is no true answer
Questão 36
Questão
The mean survival rate for malignant CNS tumors is
Responda
-
5-10 months
-
15-18 months
-
2 years
-
One year
Questão 37
Questão
A radical method for the treatment of solitary («3 cm) CNS tumors is
Questão 38
Questão
Radiation is an important part of the complex treatment.
The total dose of craniotherapy is
Responda
-
40 Gy
-
60 Gy
-
80 Gy
-
There is no true answer
Questão 39
Questão
Chemotherapy incorporates
Responda
-
Cisplatin
-
Gemcitabine
-
Temozolamide
-
There is no true answer
Questão 40
Questão
Medulloblastoma is predominantly located in the rear cranial well and occurs most commonly in
Questão 41
Questão
The main methods of diagnosis and follow-up of treatment effect in CNS tumors are
Responda
-
CT and MRI
-
MRI and PET scan
-
CT and PET scan
-
All answers are correct
Questão 42
Questão
Symptomatic therapy in CNS tumors includes
Responda
-
dexamethasone, tranquilizers, diuretics
-
anxiolytics, diuretics
-
anticonvulsants, diuretics, dexamethasone
-
all answers are correct
Questão 43
Questão
Brain metastases are yielded most commonly by
Responda
-
Prostate and lung carcinoma
-
Thyroid and gastric carcinoma
-
Carcinoma of the mammary gland and lung carcinoma
-
Kidney and GIT carcinoma
Questão 44
Questão
Which treatment method will be preferred for solitary brain metastasis
Questão 45
Questão
Temozolamide used to treat brain tumors belongs to which group of cytostatics based on its mechanism of action
Questão 46
Questão
Methods for the treatment of multiple brain metastases are
Responda
-
surgery
-
radiotherapy
-
chemotherapy
-
b+c
Questão 47
Questão
List the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure
[blank_start]Altered[blank_end] behaviour
[blank_start]Blurred vision[blank_end]
Feeling less alert than usual
[blank_start]Headache[blank_end]
Lack of energy or sleepiness
[blank_start]Vomiting[blank_end]
Weakness or problems with moving or talking
Responda
-
Altered
-
Blurred vision
-
Headache
-
Vomiting
Questão 48
Questão
Risk factors for head and neck tumors are
Responda
-
chronic etilism, 3rd and 4th decade of life, male Sex, tobacco chewing
-
smoking, systemic use of alcohol and mutation in p53 gene
-
female sex, smoking, alcohol abuse
-
all answers are correct
Questão 49
Questão
The most common head and neck tumors metastasize
Questão 50
Questão
Head and neck tumors occur with the highest frequency at which anatomic sites
Responda
-
The oral cavity
-
Oropharynx
-
Larynx
-
Sinus
Questão 51
Questão
The characteristic clinical picture includes
Responda
-
pain, fever, soore, difficulty swallowing
-
ulcer. dysphagia, otalgia
-
dysphagia, dyspnoea, swelling in the neck, soor
-
all answers are correct
Questão 52
Questão
The most common histology of head and neck tumors is
Responda
-
adenocarcinomas
-
epidermoid carcinomas
-
squamous cell carcinomas
-
there is no true answer
Questão 53
Questão
A leading treatment approach for head and neck tumors is
Responda
-
radiotherapy
-
chemotherapy
-
chemoradiotherapy
-
all answers are correct
Questão 54
Questão
The most common early radiation reactions are
Questão 55
Questão
Late radiation complications are
Questão 56
Questão
The gold standard for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is
Responda
-
surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
-
operative intervention and subsequent radiotherapy
-
combined chemoradiotherapy
-
all the options listed
Questão 57
Questão
Targeted therapy for head and neck tumors is performed with
Responda
-
Bevacizumab
-
Cetuximab
-
Panitumumab
-
Nivolumab
Questão 58
Questão
HPV is related to the etiology of
Responda
-
cervical carcinoma
-
anogenital carcinoma
-
head and neck carcinoma
-
all listed
Questão 59
Questão
Head and neck tumors include neoplasia originating from anatomical locations
Responda
-
salivary glands, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal sinus
-
larynx, pharynx, oral and nasal cavities, parotid gland
-
parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
-
parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal sinus
Questão 60
Questão
Tumors of head and neck are characterized by
Responda
-
increased frequency in Central Asia
-
mainly affect female subjects
-
most common in the western world
-
a+b
Questão 61
Questão
Complete the term against the relevant definition of premalignant lesions that are associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma:
[blank_start]Leucoplakia[blank_end] - hyperkeratosis + underlying epithelial hyperplasia
[blank_start]Erythroplakia[blank_end] - superficial erythema spots near to normal mucosa due to epithelial dysplasia
Responda
-
Leucoplakia
-
Erythroplakia
Questão 62
Questão
The therapeutic approach to advanced disease includes
Responda
-
protocols with combined modality (radiochemotherapy)
-
radical surgery
-
administration of platinum-based chemotherapy protocol
-
the combined use of surgery radiotherapy
Questão 63
Questão
The four major histological types of lung carcinoma are
Responda
-
large cell, squamous, papillary, small cell
-
small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell
-
spinocellular, acinar, small cell, large cell
-
there is no correct answer
Questão 64
Questão
Which histological type has the worst prognosis?
Responda
-
spinocellular
-
acinar adenocarcinoma
-
small cell
-
there is no true answer
Questão 65
Questão
What are the principal biomarkers for NSCLC?
Responda
-
EGFR, HER-2
-
K-RAS, HER-2
-
ALK, PDL-1
-
EGFR, ALK, PDL-1
Questão 66
Questão
The standard for ChTh in radically operated patients with NSCLC is
Responda
-
APCT containing taxane
-
APCT containing cisplatin
-
APCT containing vinorelbine
-
APCT containing anthracyclines
Questão 67
Questão
Target therapies for NSCLC include
Responda
-
Bevacizumab, Panitumumab, Nivolumab
-
Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Crizotinid
-
Pertuzumab, Cetuximab, Pembrolizumab
-
There is no true answer
Questão 68
Questão
Malignant Mesothelioma is characterized by (one wrong answer)
Responda
-
The main method of treatment is chemotherapy
-
Origin from the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, testicular envelopes.
-
A causal relationship with exposure to asbestos
-
There are a large percentage of patients with five years of survival
Questão 69
Questão
Which of the following statements about lung carcinoma is NOT correct
Responda
-
more prominent for developed countries
-
the main cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women
-
there are 2 major histological types - small cell and non-small cell
-
has a high-sensitivity tumor marker for diagnosis
Questão 70
Questão
Which of the following statements for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) compared to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is true
Responda
-
SCLC is more radiosensitive
-
SCLC is less chemosensitive
-
SCLC is more likely to have a peripheral localization in the lung
-
Tendency towards early and rapid metastasis
Questão 71
Questão
73 years old man has an increasing pain in the lumbar segment of the spine, more pronounced at bedtime. From the history - a long-standing hypertonic; sometimes smokes 1-2 cigarettes a week. Physical status is normal. Laboratory studies have found elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. From radiograph of the lumbar segment - a lytic bone lesion of the third lumbar vertebra.
Which of the following cancers is the most likely diagnosis:
Questão 72
Questão
Immunotherapy in lung carcinoma is performed with
Responda
-
BCG vaccine
-
Immunomodulators
-
Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab
-
There is no true answer
Questão 73
Questão
Pulmonary carcinoma metastasizes most often in
Questão 74
Questão
The recommended behavior of a General Practitioner in a patient with a blood clot is
Questão 75
Questão
What is the significance of EGFR expression Studies, KRAS mutation and ALK in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Responda
-
They are prognostic markers for survival
-
Reference markers for surgery
-
EGFR-TKI response markers
-
Possibility for personalized treatment
Questão 76
Questão
Which factors are not carcinogens for lung cancer
Responda
-
Smoking
-
Radiation
-
A diet rich in fat
-
Avitaminoses
Questão 77
Questão
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is
Responda
-
Symptom of Peak Lung Cancer Symptom
-
Complication of radiotherapy
-
Paraneoplastic syndrome in lung carcinoma
-
Paraneoplastic syndrome in ovarian cancer
Questão 78
Questão
Contemporary molecular genetic tests on lung cancer biopsy specimen include
Responda
-
EGFR mutation
-
PDF
-
ALK
-
All answers are correct
Questão 79
Questão
Peripheral lung lesions suspect for carcinoma are indicated for further diagnostic testing with
Questão 80
Questão
For pleural effusion suspicious of lung carcinoma indicated is
Responda
-
X-ray and consultation with a pulmonologist
-
VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopy) with a biopsy
-
Magnetic resonance tomography
-
Positron emission tomography
Questão 81
Questão
Palliative therapy in lung cancer is
Responda
-
associated with a high risk of fatal toxicity
-
associated with increased life expectancy at reduced quality of life
-
followed by a 1 year life expectancy at improved quality of life
-
does not change life expectancy
Questão 82
Questão
Which statement is true for Luminous type A?
Responda
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, low Ki 67
-
ER PR- positive, HER2-positive, low Ki 67
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67
-
There is no correct answer
Questão 83
Questão
Which statement is wrong for Luminous Type B?
Responda
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- overexpression, regardless of Ki 67
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- positive, low Ki 67
-
No wrong answer
Questão 84
Questão
In non-luminous type we observe?
Responda
-
ER, PR- negative, HER2- overexpression
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2-positive, Ki 67 low
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative
-
There is no correct answer
Questão 85
Questão
Genetic mutations in breast carcinoma are
Responda
-
BRCA 1, BRCA 2
-
BRCA1, BRCA2, p53
-
ALK, PDL 1
-
All listed
Questão 86
Questão
Standard treatment for luminal type A breast carcinoma includes
Questão 87
Questão
Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2 negative breast carcinoma includes
Questão 88
Questão
Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2-positive breast carcinoma includes
Responda
-
chemotherapy, anti-HER 2 therapy
-
chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER 2 therapy
-
hormone therapy, chemotherapy
-
there is no true answer
Questão 89
Questão
Treatment in triple negative breast carcinoma includes
Responda
-
chemotherapy
-
hormone therapy
-
chemotherapy + hormone therapy
-
chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER2
Questão 90
Questão
Specify the standard treatment algorithm for breast cancer T2N1M0 without hormonal expression
Responda
-
PCT, surgery, radiotherapy
-
Surgery, PCT, radiotherapy
-
Radiotherapy, surgery, PCT
-
The three answers are correct
Questão 91
Questão
Specify the main tumor marker for diagnosis of breast cancer
Questão 92
Questão
The biological characteristic of the "triple-negative" breast cancer requires (choose one wrong answer)?
Questão 93
Questão
Indicate which target drugs are used in HER positive breast cancer
Responda
-
Avastin, Panitumumab, Cetuximab
-
Herceptin, Lapatinib, Perjeta
-
Tarceva, Iressa, Avastin
-
Herceptin, Nivolumab, Crisotinib
Questão 94
Questão
A method of early detection (screening) of breast cancer is
Questão 95
Questão
The default markers for breast cancer are
Responda
-
The total CEA and CA 15-3
-
HER, estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki 67
-
Total CEA and CA 125
-
Serum alkaline phosphatase and LDH
Questão 96
Questão
In which % of cases the breast cancer has a genetic predisposition
Questão 97
Questão
Triple-negative breast cancer belong to which of the listed histological groups?
Responda
-
Luminal A
-
Luminal B
-
Basal-like
-
"Normal" -like
Questão 98
Questão
A recommended age group to start screening for early detection of breast carcinoma is
Responda
-
women over 60 years of age
-
women over 50 years of age
-
women aged 50-69
-
family-related women, regardless of age
Questão 99
Questão
All of these factors are associated with a decreased risk of developing breast cancer except for
Responda
-
Negative history of breastfeeding
-
First pregnancy before 18 years of age
-
Men after 15 years of age
-
Natural menopause before 42 years of age
Questão 100
Questão
Which of the following features is associated with an unfavorable prognosis for breast carcinoma