Oncology Final MCQs 1- 5th Year PMU

Descrição

Oncology Final MCQs- 5th Year PMU Topics- Epidemiology, Carcinogenesis, CNS Tumors, Malignant head and neck Tumors, Malignant lung diseases, Malignant diseases of the mammary gland
Med Student
Quiz por Med Student , atualizado more than 1 year ago
Med Student
Criado por Med Student aproximadamente 4 anos atrás
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13

Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
EGF-(R) = [blank_start]Epidermal Growth Factor[blank_end] (Receptor) ER = [blank_start]Estrogen Receptor[blank_end] HER = [blank_start]Human Epidermal Receptor[blank_end] HPV = [blank_start]Human PapillomaVirus[blank_end] PR = [blank_start]Progesterone Receptor[blank_end] VEGF (R) = [blank_start]Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor[blank_end] (Receptor) TKI = [blank_start]Tyrosine kinase Inhibitor[blank_end] ALK = [blank_start]Anaplastic lymphoma kinase[blank_end] CRC = [blank_start]Colorectal carcinoma[blank_end] MCA = [blank_start]Monoclonal antibody[blank_end]
Responda
  • Estrogen Receptor
  • Human Epidermal Receptor
  • Human PapillomaVirus
  • Progesterone Receptor
  • Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor
  • Epidermal Growth Factor
  • Tyrosine kinase Inhibitor
  • Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
  • Colorectal carcinoma
  • Monoclonal antibody

Questão 2

Questão
According to WHO data by 2030, malignancies will be the leading cause of mortality. What place do they occupy now?
Responda
  • third
  • fourth
  • second
  • first

Questão 3

Questão
Which are the most often occurring tumors in children up to 10 years of age?
Responda
  • neuroblastoma, leukemias, gastrointestinal tumors
  • acute leukemias, brain tumors, Wilms tumor
  • retinoblastoma, nephroblastoma, gastrointestinal tumors
  • lymphomas, leukemias, brain tumors

Questão 4

Questão
What are the most common neoplasias in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life?
Responda
  • soft tissue tumors, testicular carcinoma
  • mesenchymal tumors, breast cancer
  • gastrointestinal tumors, osteosarcoma
  • lung cancer, head and neck tumors

Questão 5

Questão
What are the most common neoplasias in the 3rd and 4th decades of life?
Responda
  • female genital tract tumors, male genital tract tumors
  • breast cancer, uterine cancer, CRC
  • lung cancer, breast cancer, CNS tumors
  • head and neck tumors, sarcomas

Questão 6

Questão
What are the most common neoplasias after the 5th decade of life?
Responda
  • Lung carcinoma, prostate gland carcinoma
  • Tumors of GIT, bladder carcinoma
  • CRC, prostate and lung carcinoma
  • Head and neck tumors, lung cancer

Questão 7

Questão
There are differences In cancer morbidity and mortality between males and females. What is the gender predominance of CRC and stomach cancer?
Responda
  • Men
  • Women
  • There is no gender predominance
  • Age-based sex division

Questão 8

Questão
Depending on geographic latitudes there is differential endemic Spread of neoplasms. Gastric carcinoma occurs predominantly in:
Responda
  • USA, Europe, Japan
  • Asia, Europe
  • Latin America, Eastern Europe, Japan
  • Southeast Asia and Africa

Questão 9

Questão
CRC occurs with the highest frequency in:
Responda
  • Europe
  • Asia
  • The USA
  • Australia and New Zealand

Questão 10

Questão
Mammary carcinoma is rare in:
Responda
  • The United States, Asia
  • Europe, Latin America
  • Africa, Asia
  • Australia and New Zealand

Questão 11

Questão
The Epstein-Barr virus is associated with infectious mononucleosis nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. The latter has marked endemic spread:
Responda
  • The Scandinavian countries, Mongolia
  • Malaysia, Uganda, New Guinea
  • Japan, the Philippines
  • Australia and New Zealand

Questão 12

Questão
What is screening?
Responda
  • testing a group of people for the detection of early-stage cancers
  • examining a group of people when certain symptoms and complaints are present
  • detection of unplanned disease by tests and procedures that can be applied quickly
  • evidence of disease’s initial symptoms

Questão 13

Questão
What types of cancer screenings are available?
Responda
  • Lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, breast cancer
  • CRC, prostate, stomach
  • Breast cancer, prostate, cervical carcinoma
  • CRC, breast cancer, lung carcinoma

Questão 14

Questão
Which of the following cancers affect predominantly men
Responda
  • lung, prostate, colorectal carcinoma
  • melanoma, pancreas, lung
  • colon, prostate, melanoma
  • lung, pancreas, brain

Questão 15

Questão
Which tumors in women confer the lowest five-year survival rate?
Responda
  • breast
  • ovary
  • corpus uteri
  • lung

Questão 16

Questão
Areas with the highest oncological morbidity at present are
Responda
  • Americas
  • Europe
  • Africa
  • Europe and Americas

Questão 17

Questão
Which tumors in males confer the lowest five-year survival rate?
Responda
  • testicular carcinoma
  • lung cancer
  • prostate cancer
  • colon cancer

Questão 18

Questão
The most common Malignant tumor in Women is
Responda
  • Mammary Carcinoma
  • Cervical Carcinoma
  • Skin carcinoma
  • Ovarian Carcinoma

Questão 19

Questão
What is the most accurate definition of carcinogenesis?
Responda
  • The occurrence of mutations in more than one locus leading to the appearance of a transformed cell
  • Multistage and prolonged process leading to transformed cells with subsequent clonal selection and expansion
  • Multistage process of transformation and development of neoplastic clone
  • There is no correct answer

Questão 20

Questão
Tumorigenesis occurs in three stages
Responda
  • Proliferation, promotion, metastasis
  • Initiation, promotion, proliferation
  • Proliferation, promotion, progression
  • All answers are correct

Questão 21

Questão
Neoangiogenesis
Responda
  • the ability of cancer cells to metastasize via the blood and to form new vessels
  • uncontrolled growth of tissue that can deliver distant metastasize via the blood and the lymphatics
  • uncontrolled development of tissue with the ability to grow and metastasize by forming new vessels
  • there is no correct answer

Questão 22

Questão
Key features of the tumor cell are
Responda
  • ability to proliferate, metastasize, form new vessels and the possibility of apoptosis, invasion
  • loss of apoptosis, endless division, invasion and metastasis
  • generates signals for growth and development, ability to form new vessels and metastasize via the blood
  • all answers are correct

Questão 23

Questão
What is the definition of benign tumors?
Responda
  • varying degrees of cellular and structural differentiation, do not metastasize
  • highly differentiated tumors whose cells resemble those from which they originated
  • a high degree of cell differentiation, the presence of functional activity and metastatic ability
  • answers a+c

Questão 24

Questão
Which statement about malignant tumors is wrong?
Responda
  • varying degrees of cell differentiation and structural organization
  • cells are organized in monolayers with signs of anaplasia
  • have an infiltrative growth
  • there is no correct answer

Questão 25

Questão
What is relapse?
Responda
  • a newly emerging tumor
  • the reappearance of a tumor following its surgical removal
  • the appearance of a tumor at the same site as the one removed
  • the appearance of regional lymph nodes

Questão 26

Questão
Malignant tumors have infiltrative growth, cellular atypism, are encapsulated capsule and have the ability to give regional and distant metastases. This statement is
Responda
  • true
  • untrue
  • incomplete
  • ambiguous

Questão 27

Questão
Mesenchymal tumors metastasize
Responda
  • Via lymphatics
  • Via blood
  • Canalicularly
  • Intracavitary

Questão 28

Questão
The tumors of __________ metastasize in Intravascular fashion
Responda
  • lung, stomach, intestine
  • ovaries, uterus, bladder
  • head and neck, lung and prostate
  • there is no correct answer

Questão 29

Questão
Which of the following statements are characteristic of the cancer cell biology
Responda
  • cellular "immortality"
  • angiogenic ability
  • altogether
  • ability to invade and metastasize

Questão 30

Questão
Indicate which factors are associated with tumor progression
Responda
  • IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α
  • EGF / R, VEGF / R, HER-2, PDGF
  • OPG, RANK, RANKL
  • a+b

Questão 31

Questão
Paraneoplastic syndrome is due to
Responda
  • tumor progression
  • ectopic secretion of hormone-like peptides and immune response to the tumor
  • metastasis
  • the intoxication of the organism

Questão 32

Questão
Which tumors are hormone-dependent in their development
Responda
  • breast carcinoma
  • colon carcinoma
  • endometrial carcinoma
  • all listed

Questão 33

Questão
Genetic changes leading to carcinogenesis are
Responda
  • Spontaneous mutations in cell cycle regulating genes
  • Mutations in genes regulating the replication and repair of DNA
  • Multiple mutations
  • All answers are correct

Questão 34

Questão
Characteristics of neoplastic cells are
Responda
  • loss of apoptosis
  • high proliferative potential
  • tendency for invasion
  • each indicated

Questão 35

Questão
The most common primary brain tumors are
Responda
  • anaplastic astrocytomas
  • glioblastomas
  • oligodendrogliomas
  • there is no true answer

Questão 36

Questão
The mean survival rate for malignant CNS tumors is
Responda
  • 5-10 months
  • 15-18 months
  • 2 years
  • One year

Questão 37

Questão
A radical method for the treatment of solitary («3 cm) CNS tumors is
Responda
  • radiotherapy of the brain
  • radiosurgery
  • operative treatment
  • chemotherapy

Questão 38

Questão
Radiation is an important part of the complex treatment. The total dose of craniotherapy is
Responda
  • 40 Gy
  • 60 Gy
  • 80 Gy
  • There is no true answer

Questão 39

Questão
Chemotherapy incorporates
Responda
  • Cisplatin
  • Gemcitabine
  • Temozolamide
  • There is no true answer

Questão 40

Questão
Medulloblastoma is predominantly located in the rear cranial well and occurs most commonly in
Responda
  • The 3rd and 4th decades of life
  • Childhood
  • 2nd and 3rd decade of life
  • Newborns

Questão 41

Questão
The main methods of diagnosis and follow-up of treatment effect in CNS tumors are
Responda
  • CT and MRI
  • MRI and PET scan
  • CT and PET scan
  • All answers are correct

Questão 42

Questão
Symptomatic therapy in CNS tumors includes
Responda
  • dexamethasone, tranquilizers, diuretics
  • anxiolytics, diuretics
  • anticonvulsants, diuretics, dexamethasone
  • all answers are correct

Questão 43

Questão
Brain metastases are yielded most commonly by
Responda
  • Prostate and lung carcinoma
  • Thyroid and gastric carcinoma
  • Carcinoma of the mammary gland and lung carcinoma
  • Kidney and GIT carcinoma

Questão 44

Questão
Which treatment method will be preferred for solitary brain metastasis
Responda
  • Brachytherapy
  • Percutaneous external irradiation
  • Operational extirpation
  • Radiosurgery

Questão 45

Questão
Temozolamide used to treat brain tumors belongs to which group of cytostatics based on its mechanism of action
Responda
  • anthracycline
  • antimetabolite
  • an alkylating agent
  • atyrosine kinase inhibitor

Questão 46

Questão
Methods for the treatment of multiple brain metastases are
Responda
  • surgery
  • radiotherapy
  • chemotherapy
  • b+c

Questão 47

Questão
List the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure [blank_start]Altered[blank_end] behaviour [blank_start]Blurred vision[blank_end] Feeling less alert than usual [blank_start]Headache[blank_end] Lack of energy or sleepiness [blank_start]Vomiting[blank_end] Weakness or problems with moving or talking
Responda
  • Altered
  • Blurred vision
  • Headache
  • Vomiting

Questão 48

Questão
Risk factors for head and neck tumors are
Responda
  • chronic etilism, 3rd and 4th decade of life, male Sex, tobacco chewing
  • smoking, systemic use of alcohol and mutation in p53 gene
  • female sex, smoking, alcohol abuse
  • all answers are correct

Questão 49

Questão
The most common head and neck tumors metastasize
Responda
  • Via lymphatics
  • Via blood
  • Ref. a+b
  • Neighborhood invasion/ local invasion

Questão 50

Questão
Head and neck tumors occur with the highest frequency at which anatomic sites
Responda
  • The oral cavity
  • Oropharynx
  • Larynx
  • Sinus

Questão 51

Questão
The characteristic clinical picture includes
Responda
  • pain, fever, soore, difficulty swallowing
  • ulcer. dysphagia, otalgia
  • dysphagia, dyspnoea, swelling in the neck, soor
  • all answers are correct

Questão 52

Questão
The most common histology of head and neck tumors is
Responda
  • adenocarcinomas
  • epidermoid carcinomas
  • squamous cell carcinomas
  • there is no true answer

Questão 53

Questão
A leading treatment approach for head and neck tumors is
Responda
  • radiotherapy
  • chemotherapy
  • chemoradiotherapy
  • all answers are correct

Questão 54

Questão
The most common early radiation reactions are
Responda
  • dysphagia and oropharyngeal mucositis
  • reduced hearing and odinophagia
  • larynx edema
  • a+c

Questão 55

Questão
Late radiation complications are
Responda
  • trismus, reduced hearing
  • oropharyngeal mucositis and dysphagia
  • radiographic fibrosis
  • a+c

Questão 56

Questão
The gold standard for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is
Responda
  • surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
  • operative intervention and subsequent radiotherapy
  • combined chemoradiotherapy
  • all the options listed

Questão 57

Questão
Targeted therapy for head and neck tumors is performed with
Responda
  • Bevacizumab
  • Cetuximab
  • Panitumumab
  • Nivolumab

Questão 58

Questão
HPV is related to the etiology of
Responda
  • cervical carcinoma
  • anogenital carcinoma
  • head and neck carcinoma
  • all listed

Questão 59

Questão
Head and neck tumors include neoplasia originating from anatomical locations
Responda
  • salivary glands, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal sinus
  • larynx, pharynx, oral and nasal cavities, parotid gland
  • parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
  • parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal sinus

Questão 60

Questão
Tumors of head and neck are characterized by
Responda
  • increased frequency in Central Asia
  • mainly affect female subjects
  • most common in the western world
  • a+b

Questão 61

Questão
Complete the term against the relevant definition of premalignant lesions that are associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma: [blank_start]Leucoplakia[blank_end] - hyperkeratosis + underlying epithelial hyperplasia [blank_start]Erythroplakia[blank_end] - superficial erythema spots near to normal mucosa due to epithelial dysplasia
Responda
  • Leucoplakia
  • Erythroplakia

Questão 62

Questão
The therapeutic approach to advanced disease includes
Responda
  • protocols with combined modality (radiochemotherapy)
  • radical surgery
  • administration of platinum-based chemotherapy protocol
  • the combined use of surgery radiotherapy

Questão 63

Questão
The four major histological types of lung carcinoma are
Responda
  • large cell, squamous, papillary, small cell
  • small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell
  • spinocellular, acinar, small cell, large cell
  • there is no correct answer

Questão 64

Questão
Which histological type has the worst prognosis?
Responda
  • spinocellular
  • acinar adenocarcinoma
  • small cell
  • there is no true answer

Questão 65

Questão
What are the principal biomarkers for NSCLC?
Responda
  • EGFR, HER-2
  • K-RAS, HER-2
  • ALK, PDL-1
  • EGFR, ALK, PDL-1

Questão 66

Questão
The standard for ChTh in radically operated patients with NSCLC is
Responda
  • APCT containing taxane
  • APCT containing cisplatin
  • APCT containing vinorelbine
  • APCT containing anthracyclines

Questão 67

Questão
Target therapies for NSCLC include
Responda
  • Bevacizumab, Panitumumab, Nivolumab
  • Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Crizotinid
  • Pertuzumab, Cetuximab, Pembrolizumab
  • There is no true answer

Questão 68

Questão
Malignant Mesothelioma is characterized by (one wrong answer)
Responda
  • The main method of treatment is chemotherapy
  • Origin from the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, testicular envelopes.
  • A causal relationship with exposure to asbestos
  • There are a large percentage of patients with five years of survival

Questão 69

Questão
Which of the following statements about lung carcinoma is NOT correct
Responda
  • more prominent for developed countries
  • the main cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women
  • there are 2 major histological types - small cell and non-small cell
  • has a high-sensitivity tumor marker for diagnosis

Questão 70

Questão
Which of the following statements for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) compared to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is true
Responda
  • SCLC is more radiosensitive
  • SCLC is less chemosensitive
  • SCLC is more likely to have a peripheral localization in the lung
  • Tendency towards early and rapid metastasis

Questão 71

Questão
73 years old man has an increasing pain in the lumbar segment of the spine, more pronounced at bedtime. From the history - a long-standing hypertonic; sometimes smokes 1-2 cigarettes a week. Physical status is normal. Laboratory studies have found elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. From radiograph of the lumbar segment - a lytic bone lesion of the third lumbar vertebra. Which of the following cancers is the most likely diagnosis:
Responda
  • carcinoma of the stomach
  • non-small cell lung carcinoma
  • sarcoidosis
  • mesothelioma

Questão 72

Questão
Immunotherapy in lung carcinoma is performed with
Responda
  • BCG vaccine
  • Immunomodulators
  • Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab
  • There is no true answer

Questão 73

Questão
Pulmonary carcinoma metastasizes most often in
Responda
  • liver
  • pleura and mediastinal lymph nodes
  • brain
  • bones

Questão 74

Questão
The recommended behavior of a General Practitioner in a patient with a blood clot is
Responda
  • Follow-up for one month
  • X-ray and consultation with a pneumologist no later than two weeks
  • CT scan
  • X-ray and surgery referral

Questão 75

Questão
What is the significance of EGFR expression Studies, KRAS mutation and ALK in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Responda
  • They are prognostic markers for survival
  • Reference markers for surgery
  • EGFR-TKI response markers
  • Possibility for personalized treatment

Questão 76

Questão
Which factors are not carcinogens for lung cancer
Responda
  • Smoking
  • Radiation
  • A diet rich in fat
  • Avitaminoses

Questão 77

Questão
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is
Responda
  • Symptom of Peak Lung Cancer Symptom
  • Complication of radiotherapy
  • Paraneoplastic syndrome in lung carcinoma
  • Paraneoplastic syndrome in ovarian cancer

Questão 78

Questão
Contemporary molecular genetic tests on lung cancer biopsy specimen include
Responda
  • EGFR mutation
  • PDF
  • ALK
  • All answers are correct

Questão 79

Questão
Peripheral lung lesions suspect for carcinoma are indicated for further diagnostic testing with
Responda
  • Surgical resection
  • Transthoracal needle biopsy
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Mediastinoscopy

Questão 80

Questão
For pleural effusion suspicious of lung carcinoma indicated is
Responda
  • X-ray and consultation with a pulmonologist
  • VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopy) with a biopsy
  • Magnetic resonance tomography
  • Positron emission tomography

Questão 81

Questão
Palliative therapy in lung cancer is
Responda
  • associated with a high risk of fatal toxicity
  • associated with increased life expectancy at reduced quality of life
  • followed by a 1 year life expectancy at improved quality of life
  • does not change life expectancy

Questão 82

Questão
Which statement is true for Luminous type A?
Responda
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, low Ki 67
  • ER PR- positive, HER2-positive, low Ki 67
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67
  • There is no correct answer

Questão 83

Questão
Which statement is wrong for Luminous Type B?
Responda
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- overexpression, regardless of Ki 67
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- positive, low Ki 67
  • No wrong answer

Questão 84

Questão
In non-luminous type we observe?
Responda
  • ER, PR- negative, HER2- overexpression
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2-positive, Ki 67 low
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative
  • There is no correct answer

Questão 85

Questão
Genetic mutations in breast carcinoma are
Responda
  • BRCA 1, BRCA 2
  • BRCA1, BRCA2, p53
  • ALK, PDL 1
  • All listed

Questão 86

Questão
Standard treatment for luminal type A breast carcinoma includes
Responda
  • chemotherapy
  • hormone therapy
  • hormone therapy +/- chemotherapy at positive lymph nodes
  • there is no true answer

Questão 87

Questão
Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2 negative breast carcinoma includes
Responda
  • chemotherapy
  • hormone therapy
  • hormone therapy +/- chemotherapy
  • all answers are correct

Questão 88

Questão
Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2-positive breast carcinoma includes
Responda
  • chemotherapy, anti-HER 2 therapy
  • chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER 2 therapy
  • hormone therapy, chemotherapy
  • there is no true answer

Questão 89

Questão
Treatment in triple negative breast carcinoma includes
Responda
  • chemotherapy
  • hormone therapy
  • chemotherapy + hormone therapy
  • chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER2

Questão 90

Questão
Specify the standard treatment algorithm for breast cancer T2N1M0 without hormonal expression
Responda
  • PCT, surgery, radiotherapy
  • Surgery, PCT, radiotherapy
  • Radiotherapy, surgery, PCT
  • The three answers are correct

Questão 91

Questão
Specify the main tumor marker for diagnosis of breast cancer
Responda
  • CEA
  • CA 15-3
  • HGT
  • CA 19-9

Questão 92

Questão
The biological characteristic of the "triple-negative" breast cancer requires (choose one wrong answer)?
Responda
  • maximum severity of therapeutic behavior
  • hormonal therapy
  • strict monitoring due to the risk of early relapse and metastasis
  • affects younger women

Questão 93

Questão
Indicate which target drugs are used in HER positive breast cancer
Responda
  • Avastin, Panitumumab, Cetuximab
  • Herceptin, Lapatinib, Perjeta
  • Tarceva, Iressa, Avastin
  • Herceptin, Nivolumab, Crisotinib

Questão 94

Questão
A method of early detection (screening) of breast cancer is
Responda
  • Echography
  • Mammography in 2 projections
  • CT
  • MRI

Questão 95

Questão
The default markers for breast cancer are
Responda
  • The total CEA and CA 15-3
  • HER, estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki 67
  • Total CEA and CA 125
  • Serum alkaline phosphatase and LDH

Questão 96

Questão
In which % of cases the breast cancer has a genetic predisposition
Responda
  • 5%
  • 10%
  • 25%
  • 40%

Questão 97

Questão
Triple-negative breast cancer belong to which of the listed histological groups?
Responda
  • Luminal A
  • Luminal B
  • Basal-like
  • "Normal" -like

Questão 98

Questão
A recommended age group to start screening for early detection of breast carcinoma is
Responda
  • women over 60 years of age
  • women over 50 years of age
  • women aged 50-69
  • family-related women, regardless of age

Questão 99

Questão
All of these factors are associated with a decreased risk of developing breast cancer except for
Responda
  • Negative history of breastfeeding
  • First pregnancy before 18 years of age
  • Men after 15 years of age
  • Natural menopause before 42 years of age

Questão 100

Questão
Which of the following features is associated with an unfavorable prognosis for breast carcinoma
Responda
  • ER+
  • Low proportion of S-phase cells
  • Overexpression of erbB2 (HER-2)
  • PR+

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