2485617
Questão 1
Questão
what increases behavior by presenting positive reinforces? strengthens the response
Responda
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positive reinforcement
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negative reinforcement
Questão 2
Questão
positive reinforcement?
Responda
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by presenting a pleasurable stimulus after a response.
-
strenghtens a response by reducing or removing something negative.
Questão 3
Questão
what increase behavior by stopping or reducing negative stimuli?
Responda
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negative reinforcement. (not negative)
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conditioned response
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conditioned stimulus
Questão 4
Questão
what is learned response to a previous neutral stimulus?
Responda
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conditioned response
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conditioned stimulus
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unconditional response
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unconditional stimulus
Questão 5
Questão
what originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.
Responda
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conditioned stimulus
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conditioned response
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unconditional stimulus
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unconditional response
Questão 6
Questão
what is an unlearned naturally occurring response?
Responda
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unconditional response
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unconditional stimulus
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conditioned response
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conditioned stimulus
Questão 7
Questão
What stimulus is that automatically triggers a response to a previous neutral stimulus?
Responda
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unconditional stimulus
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unconditional response
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conditioned response
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conditioned stimulus
Questão 8
Questão
what is the view that PSY should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes?
Responda
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behaviorism
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classical conditioning
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neutral stimulus
Questão 9
Questão
when one learns to link 2 or more stimuli and anticipate events?
Responda
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classical conditioning
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neutral stimulus
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behaviorism
Questão 10
Questão
When classical conditioning a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning?
Responda
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neutral stimulus
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classical conditioning
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behaviorism
Questão 11
Questão
we typically learn to repeat acts that bring rewards and to avoid acts that bring unwanted results?
Responda
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operant conditioning
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classical conditioning
Questão 12
Questão
we learned to expect and prepare for significant events such as food or pain?
Responda
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classical conditioning
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operant conditioning
Questão 13
Questão
When we learn new behaviors by observing events and by watching others?
Responda
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cognitive learning
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stimulus
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adaptability
Questão 14
Questão
when any event or situation that evokes a response?
Responda
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stimulus
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cognitive learning
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adaptability
Questão 15
Questão
What study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis?
Responda
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porapsychology
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adaptability
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stimulus
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cognitive learning
Questão 16
Questão
when capacity to learn new behaviors that help us cope with changing circumstances?
Responda
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adaptability
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porapsychology
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stimulus
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cognitive learning
Questão 17
Questão
body movement vestibular sense receptors?
Responda
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hairlike receptors in the semi-circular canals and vestibular sacs.
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extrasensory perception
Questão 18
Questão
controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy clairvoyance and precognition?
Responda
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extrasensory perception (ESP)
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hairlike receptors in the semi-circular canals and vestibular sacs.
Questão 19
Questão
what is body movement vistibular sense?
Responda
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movement of fluids in the inner ear caused by head/body movement
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rods and cones in the retina
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kinesthetic sensors all over the body
Questão 20
Questão
vision receptors?
Responda
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rods and cones in the retina
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kinesthetic sensors all over the body
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movement of fluids in the inner ear caused by head/body movement
Questão 21
Questão
what is body position kinesthesis receptors?
Responda
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kinesthetic sensors all over the body
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rods and cones in the retina
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movement of fluids in the inner ear caused by head/body movement
Questão 22
Questão
what principle that one sense may influence another?
Responda
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sensory interaction
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embodied cognition
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kinethesis
Questão 23
Questão
what psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments?
Responda
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embodied cognition
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sensory interaction
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kinethesis
Questão 24
Questão
the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts?
Responda
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kinethesis
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vestibular sense
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sensory interaction
Questão 25
Questão
the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance?
Responda
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vestibular sense
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kinethesis
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sensory interaction
Questão 26
Questão
spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain?
Responda
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gate control theory
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frequency theory
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place theory
Questão 27
Questão
what links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleas membrane is stimulated?
Responda
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place theory
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frequency theory
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gate control theory
Questão 28
Questão
rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch?
Responda
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frequency theory
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gate control theory
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place theory
Questão 29
Questão
device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrode threaded into the cochlea?
Responda
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cochlea implant
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nerve deafness
Questão 30
Questão
when hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea?
Responda
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conduction hearing loss
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nerve deafness
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cochlea implant
Questão 31
Questão
when hearing loss caused by damage to the cochleas receptor cells or to the auditory nerves?
Responda
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nerve deafness/sensorineural hearing loss
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cochlea implant
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conduction hearing loss
Questão 32
Questão
a coiled bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sounds waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve pulses?
Responda
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cochlea
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middle ear
-
inner ear
Questão 33
Questão
the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing 3 tiny bones?
Responda
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middle ear
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cochlea
-
inner ear
Questão 34
Questão
the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time?
Responda
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frequency
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cochlea
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middle ear
Questão 35
Questão
innermost part of the ear containing the cochlea semicircular canals and vestibular sacs?
Responda
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inner ear
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middle ear
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cochlea
Questão 36
Questão
an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent light blink on and off in quick succession?
Responda
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phi phenomenom
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perceptual adaptation
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color constancy
Questão 37
Questão
in vision the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even innerted visual field?
Responda
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perceptual adaptation
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color constancy
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phi phenomenon
Questão 38
Questão
perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths of reflected by the object?
Responda
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color constancy
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perceptual adaptation
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phi phenomenon
Questão 39
Questão
depth cues, such as retina disparity that depends on the use of two eyes?
Responda
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binocular cues
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monocular cues
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retinal disparity
Questão 40
Questão
depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective available to either eye alone?
Responda
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monocular cues
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retinal disparity
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binocular cues
Questão 41
Questão
a binocular cue for perceiving depth, by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes the brain computes distance?
Responda
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retinal disparity
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binocular cues
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monocular cues
Questão 42
Questão
ability to see objects in 3 dimensions?
Responda
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depth perception
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visual cliff
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figure ground
Questão 43
Questão
laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals?
Responda
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visual cliff
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depth perception
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figure ground
Questão 44
Questão
the organization of the visual field into objects that should out from their surroundings?
Responda
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figure ground
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depth perception
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visual cliff
Questão 45
Questão
theory that the retina contains three different color receptors-one most sensitive to red, on to green, one to blue which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color?
Responda
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young helmholtz trichromatic
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gestalt
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opponent process theory
Questão 46
Questão
organized whole, meaningful whole?
Responda
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gestalt
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opponent process theory
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young Helmholtz trichromatic
Questão 47
Questão
opposing retinal process enable color vision?
Responda
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opponent process theory
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gestalt
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young Helmholtz trichromatic
Questão 48
Questão
the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously, the brains natural mode of info processing fro many functions including vision?
Responda
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parallel processing
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feature detectors
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blind spot
Questão 49
Questão
nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape angle or movement?
Responda
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feature detectors
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blind spot
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parallel processing
Questão 50
Questão
the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there?
Responda
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blind spot
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parallel processing
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feature detectors
Questão 51
Questão
retinal receptors that detect black white and gray needed for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond?
Responda
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rods
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accommodations
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cones
Questão 52
Questão
the process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina?
Responda
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accommodations
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cones
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rods
Questão 53
Questão
retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions?
Responda
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cones
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rods
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accommodations
Questão 54
Questão
when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus?
Responda
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extinction
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higher order conditioning
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acquisition
Questão 55
Questão
a procedure in which the unconditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus creating a second often weaker conditioned stimulus?
Responda
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higher order conditioning
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acquisition
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extinction
Questão 56
Questão
initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response?
Responda
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acquisition
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extinction
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higher order conditioning
Questão 57
Questão
reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response?
Responda
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spontaneous recovery
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generalization
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discrimination
Questão 58
Questão
tendency once a response has been conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar response?
Responda
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generalization
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discrimination
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spontaneous recovery
Questão 59
Questão
ability to distinguished between a conditioned stimulus and a unconditioned stimulus?
Responda
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discrimination
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spontaneous recovery
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generalization
Questão 60
Questão
thorndikes principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and viceversa?
Responda
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law of effect
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operant conditioning
-
operant chamber
Questão 61
Questão
learning behavior which ceases if punished or continuous if rewarded?
Responda
-
operant conditioning
-
operant chamber
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law of effect
Questão 62
Questão
chamber also know as skinner box, containing a bar or key an animal can control to obtain food or water?
Responda
-
operant chamber
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law of effect
-
operant conditioning
Questão 63
Questão
the activation, often unconsciousness of certain associations, thus predisposing ones perception memory, or response?
Responda
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priming
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signal detection theory
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difference threshold
Questão 64
Questão
faint stimulus detected, no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a persons experience, expectations, motivation and alertness?
Responda
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signal detection theory
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difference threshold
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priming
Questão 65
Questão
the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time? we experience the threshold as a just noticeable difference?
Responda
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difference threshold
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priming
-
signal detection theory
Questão 66
Questão
principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage?
Responda
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webers law
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sensory adaptation
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perceptual set
Questão 67
Questão
diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation?
Responda
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sensory adaptation
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perceptual set
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webers law
Questão 68
Questão
a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another?
Responda
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perceptual set
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sensory adaptation
-
webers law
Questão 69
Questão
the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green and so forth?
Responda
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hue
-
wavelengths
-
intensity
Questão 70
Questão
distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. Electromagnetic wavelengths vary from the short slips of cosmic rays to the long pulses of radio transmission.
Responda
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wavelengths
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intensity
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hue
Questão 71
Questão
the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness of loudness as determined by waves amplitute?
Responda
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intensity
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hue
-
wavelengths
Questão 72
Questão
ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening?
Responda
-
irsis
-
optic nerve
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fovea
Questão 73
Questão
the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain?
Responda
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optic nerve
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fovea
-
iris
Questão 74
Questão
the central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster?
Responda
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fovea
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optic nerve
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iris
Questão 75
Questão
an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need?
Responda
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primary reinforcer
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lens
-
retina
Questão 76
Questão
transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina?
Responda
-
lens
-
retina
-
primary reinforcer
Questão 77
Questão
the light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus lays of neurons that begin the processing of visual information?
Responda
-
retina
-
primary reinforcer
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lens
Questão 78
Questão
momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; can be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds?
Responda
-
echoic memory
-
conditioned reinforcer
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reinforcement schedule
Questão 79
Questão
stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer, also known as a secondary reinforcer?
Responda
-
conditioned reinforcer
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reinforcement schedule
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echoic memory
Questão 80
Questão
a pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced?
Responda
-
reinforcement schedule
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echoic memory
-
conditioned reinforcer
Questão 81
Questão
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific number of response?
Responda
-
fixed ratio schedule
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continuos reinforcement
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partial (intermittent) reinforcement
Questão 82
Questão
reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs?
Responda
-
continuous reinforcement
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partial reinforcement
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fixed ratio schedule
Questão 83
Questão
reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement?
Responda
-
partial (intermittent) reinforcement
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fixed ratio schedule
-
continuous reinforcement
Questão 84
Questão
retention independent of conscious recollection?
Responda
-
implicit/nondeclarative memory
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explicit/declarative memory
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working memory
Questão 85
Questão
memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare?
Responda
-
explicit/declarative memory
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woking memory
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implicit/nondeclarative memory
Questão 86
Questão
a newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information and information retrieved from long term memory?
Responda
-
woking memory
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implicit/nondeclarative memory
-
explicit/declarative memory
Questão 87
Questão
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses?
Responda
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variable ratio schedule
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fixed interval schedule
-
variable interval schedule
Questão 88
Questão
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed?
Responda
-
fixed interval schedule
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variable interval schedule
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variable ration schedule
Questão 89
Questão
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals?
Responda
-
variable interval schedule
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variable ratio schedule
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fixed interval schedule
Questão 90
Questão
behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus?
Responda
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respondent behavior
-
operant behavior
-
latent learning
Questão 91
Questão
behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences?
Responda
-
operant behavior
-
latent learning
-
respondent behavior
Questão 92
Questão
learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it?
Responda
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latent learning
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respondent behavior
-
operant behavior
Questão 93
Questão
desired to perform a behavior to receive promised reward or avoid threatened punishment?
Responda
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prosocial behavior
-
iconic memory
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extrinsic motivation
Questão 94
Questão
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; photographic memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second?
Responda
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iconic memory
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prosocial
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extrinsic motivation
Questão 95
Questão
positive constructive helpful behavior? opposite of antisocial behavior.
Responda
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prosocial behavior
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extrinsic motivation
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iconic memory
Questão 96
Questão
process of getting information out of memory storage?
Responda
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retrivial
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sensory memory
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relearning
Questão 97
Questão
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system?
Responda
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sensory memory
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relearning
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retrivial
Questão 98
Questão
a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again?
Responda
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relearning
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retrieval
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sensory memory
Questão 99
Questão
a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in -the blank test?
Responda
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recall
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spacing effect
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perception
Questão 100
Questão
tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study for practice?
Responda
-
spacing effect
-
perception
-
recall
Questão 101
Questão
process of organizing and interpreting sensory information?
Responda
-
perception
-
recall
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spacing effect
Questão 102
Questão
encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words?
Responda
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shallow processing
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deep processing
-
hippocampus
Questão 103
Questão
encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words?
Responda
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deep processing
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hippocampus
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shallow processing
Questão 104
Questão
a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage?
Responda
-
hippocampus
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shallow processing
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deep processing
Questão 105
Questão
conscious memory of first 3 years is blank?
Responda
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infatible amnesia
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serial positon effect
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priming
Questão 106
Questão
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list?
Responda
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serial positon effect
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priming
-
infantile amnesia
Questão 107
Questão
the activation, often unconsciously of particular associations in memory?
Responda
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priming
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infantile amnesia
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serial position effect
Questão 108
Questão
previous experience and expectations affect the detection and analysis of information from the senses. Explains visual illusions
Responda
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top down processing
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bottom up processing
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misinformation effect
Questão 109
Questão
sensory receptors relay information to the brain, brain interprets this information
Responda
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bottom up processing
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misinformation effect
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top down processing
Questão 110
Questão
incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event?
Responda
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misinformation
-
top down processing
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bottom up processing
Questão 111
Questão
disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information?
Responda
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retroactive interference
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proactive interference
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repression
Questão 112
Questão
the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information?
Responda
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proactive interference
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repression
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retroactive interference
Questão 113
Questão
psychoanalysis theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feeling and memories?
Responda
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repression
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retroactive interference
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proactive interference
Questão 114
Questão
enhanced memory after retrieving rather than simply reading information?
Responda
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testing effect/retrieval practice effect/test enhanced learning
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(LTP) long term potentiation
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sensation
Questão 115
Questão
an increase in a cells firing potential after brief rapid stimulation?
Responda
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(LTP) long term potentiation
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sensation
-
testing effect
Questão 116
Questão
sensory and nervous system receiving and representing stimulus energies from our environment?
Responda
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sensation
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testing effect
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(LTP) long term potentiation
Questão 117
Questão
operant conditioning basic idea and response?
Responda
-
organisms associate behavior and resulting events; voluntary operates on environment
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organisms associate events; involuntary/automatic
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source amnesia/misattribution
Questão 118
Questão
classical conditioning basic idea and response?
Responda
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organisms associate events; involuntary/automatic
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source amnesia/misattribution
-
organisms associate behavior and resulting events; voluntary operates on environment
Questão 119
Questão
attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read or imagined?
Responda
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source amnesia/misattribution
-
organisms associate behavior and resulting events; voluntary operates on environment
Questão 120
Questão
process of observing and imitating a specific behavior?
Responda
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modeling
-
mirror neurons
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encoding
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storage
Questão 121
Questão
frontal lobes neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so?
Responda
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mirror neurons
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modeling
-
encoding
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storage
Questão 122
Questão
the processing of information into the memory system?
Responda
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encoding
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storage
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modeling
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mirror neurons
Questão 123
Questão
the retention of encoded information over time?
Responda
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storage
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encoding
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modeling
-
mirror neurons
Questão 124
Questão
organizing items into manageable units?
Responda
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chunking
-
mnemonics
-
flashbulb memory
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aplysia
Questão 125
Questão
memory aids, use vivid imagery and organizational devices?
Responda
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mnemonics
-
chunking
-
flashbulb
-
aplysia
Questão 126
Questão
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event?
Responda
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flashbulb memory
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aplysia
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chunking
-
mnemonics
Questão 127
Questão
california sea slug with a mere 20,000 nerve cells?
Responda
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aplysia
-
flashbulb memory
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chunking
-
mnemonics
Questão 128
Questão
an inability to form new memories?
Responda
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anterograde amnesia
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retrogade amnesia
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transduction
-
psychophysics
Questão 129
Questão
an inability to retrieve information from ones past?
Responda
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retrogade amnesia
-
anterograde amnesia
-
transduction
-
psychophysics
Questão 130
Questão
conversion of one form of energy into another?
Responda
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transduction
-
psychophysics
-
anterograde amnesia
-
retrogade amnesia
Questão 131
Questão
study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli?
Responda
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psychophysics
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transduction
-
anterograde amnesia
-
retrogade amnesia
Questão 132
Questão
minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time?
Responda
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absolute threshold
-
subliminal
-
yes
-
myth
Questão 133
Questão
below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness? less than 50%
Responda
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subliminal
-
absolute threshold
-
yes
-
myth
Questão 134
Questão
can all 5 tastes be sensed all over tongue?
Responda
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yes
-
myth
-
absolute threshold
-
subliminal
Questão 135
Questão
what are the tongue maps?
Responda
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myth
-
yes
-
subliminal
-
absolute threshold
Questão 136
Questão
number of human taste buds?
Responda
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5,000 to 10,000
-
50 to 100 each
-
every so many
-
every so often
Questão 137
Questão
number os taste buds receptor cells?
Responda
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50 to 100 each
-
5,000 to 10,000
-
every so often
-
every so many
Questão 138
Questão
what is the ratio?
Responda
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every so many
-
every so often
-
5,000 to 10,000
-
50 to 100 each
Questão 139
Questão
what is the interval?
Responda
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every so often
-
every so many
-
50 to 100 each
-
5,000 to 10,000
Questão 140
Questão
a mental representation of the layout of ones enviornment?
Responda
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cognitive map
-
intrinsic motivation
-
A-delta fibers
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nociceptors
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C fibers
Questão 141
Questão
a desired to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake?
Responda
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intrinsic motivation
-
cognitive map
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C fibers
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A delta fibers
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nociceptors
Questão 142
Questão
transmit longer lasting, duller pain?
Responda
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C fibers
-
A delta fibers
-
nociceptors
-
cognitive map
-
intrinsic motivation
Questão 143
Questão
fast acting transmit sharp pain?
Responda
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A delta fibers
-
C fibers
-
nociceptors
-
cognitive map
-
intrinsic motivation
Questão 144
Questão
pain receptors?
Responda
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nociceptors
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A delta fibers
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C fibers
-
cognitive map
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intrinsic motivation
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