IBS Set 5 Quiz - Genetics

Descrição

Genetics quiz
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Quiz por . ., atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por . . mais de 9 anos atrás
42
3

Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
What are promoter regions of DNA?
Responda
  • Gene regulatory elements that tell RNA polymerase to perform transcription.
  • Gene regulatory elements that tell DNA polymerase to perform transcription.
  • Gene regulatory elements that tell RNA polymerase to perform translation.
  • Gene regulatory elements that tell DNA polymerase to perform translation.

Questão 2

Questão
Transcription factors bind to regulatory sequences and cause what?
Responda
  • Recruitment of RNA polymerase
  • Recruit of DNA polymerase

Questão 3

Questão
What does the green question mark represent?
Responda
  • Nucleosome
  • Chromosome
  • Telomere
  • Promoter region

Questão 4

Questão
The green arrow is pointing to what?
Responda
  • Linker DNA
  • Core DNA

Questão 5

Questão
The nucleosome is made up of what components?
Responda
  • Histone octamer of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.
  • Core DNA
  • Linker DNA
  • Histone tetramer of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.

Questão 6

Questão
SRY is a transcription factor on the Y chromosome. It's absence/mutation leads to...?
Responda
  • Absence of the male phenotype, leading to production of a female phenotype.
  • Absence of the female phenotype, leading to production of the male phenotype.

Questão 7

Questão
The Y gene of the XY male genotype is gene-poor. What are two dosage compensation mechanisms that could help to equal gene expression levels in both males and females.
Responda
  • Upregulation of transcription of the X male chromosome
  • Inactivation of one of the X female chromosomes
  • Addition of an extra X chromosome in the male XY genotype

Questão 8

Questão
Epigenetics produces multiple phenotypes from the same genotype.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 9

Questão
Diploid cells have a single copy of an allele.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 10

Questão
Autosomal conditions are genetic conditions that occur on non-sex chromosomes.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 11

Questão
An X-linked condition will only affect the phenotype of a female if the copies of the allele on each X chromosomes are abnormal.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 12

Questão
Achondroplasia (dwarfism) is what type of condition?
Responda
  • Autosomal dominant
  • Autosomal recessive

Questão 13

Questão
Albinism is what type of condition?
Responda
  • Autosomal recessive
  • Autosomal dominant

Questão 14

Questão
How might a child have achondroplasia despite the parents not having it?
Responda
  • Parent(s) are carriers
  • Paternity (social father)
  • Mutation in sperm/egg

Questão 15

Questão
How can two parents that have albinism have a child without albinism?
Responda
  • Albinism is autosomal recessive. This means that any child born to parents who both have albinism should also have albinism as there are no dominant traits in the parents as their genotypes are both homozygous recessive. The reason for the absence of albinism is because the mutated copies in the parents could differ in that the fathers two copies could inhibit a different enzyme in the metabolic pathway that leads to lack of pigment than the mothers. The child will inherit one copy from the father and one copy from the mother and therefore only 50% of each originally fully mutated pathway is inhibited and thus may still be able to produce sufficient melanin.
  • Albinism is autosomal dominant. This means that any child born to parents who both have albinism should also have albinism as there are no dominant traits in the parents as their genotypes are both homozygous dominant. The reason for the absence of albinism is because the mutated copies in the parents could differ in that the fathers two copies could inhibit a different enzyme in the metabolic pathway that leads to lack of pigment than the mothers. The child will inherit one copy from the father and one copy from the mother and therefore only 50% of each originally fully mutated pathway is inhibited and thus may still be able to produce sufficient melanin.

Questão 16

Questão
Haemophilia results in blood clotting problems due to factor 7 deficiency.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 17

Questão
Females are more likely to suffer from haemophilia
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 18

Questão
Phenylketonuria is a disorder resulting from the production of phenylketones due to mutation in what enzyme?
Responda
  • Phenylalanine hydroxylase
  • Carbonic anhydrase
  • Phenylalanine anhydrase
  • Tyrosine hydroxylase

Questão 19

Questão
What are some causes of variation?
Responda
  • Selection pressure
  • Genetic drift
  • Founder effect
  • Bottleneck
  • Ethnic group selection (HbS)

Questão 20

Questão
How many pairs of autosomal chromosomes do most humans have?
Responda
  • 22
  • 1
  • 23
  • 46
  • 44

Questão 21

Questão
Mitosis is important for what?
Responda
  • Growth
  • Repair
  • Tumour growth
  • Spermatogenesis
  • Oogenesis

Questão 22

Questão
What is crossing over?
Responda
  • Exchange of genetic information between homologous pairs of chromosomes which produces recombinant chromosomes.
  • The random assortment (lining up) of chromosomes that end up in the gametes.

Questão 23

Questão
What is independent assortment?
Responda
  • Exchange of genetic information between homologous pairs of chromosomes which produces recombinant chromosomes.
  • The random assortment (lining up) of chromosomes that end up in the gametes.

Questão 24

Questão
When does independent assortment occur?
Responda
  • First meiotic division
  • Second meiotic division

Questão 25

Questão
Chromosomal non-disjunction describes the failure of homologous chromosomes to seperate in the first or second division in meiosis or during mitosis.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 26

Questão
Chromosomal non-disjunction can lead to trisomy of sex chromosomes.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 27

Questão
The following picture shows the process of meiosis in males
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 28

Questão
The following picture shows chromosomal non-disjunction of the...
Responda
  • First division
  • Second division

Questão 29

Questão
The following picture shows chromosomal non-disjunction during female meiosis.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 30

Questão
Meiotic non-disjunction occurs pre-embryonically and therefore all cells are effected.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 31

Questão
Mitotic non-disjunction occurs during embryonic division so there may be a mix of normal and abnormal cells, resulting in an abnormal conceptus.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 32

Questão
How does trisomy 21 (aka Down's) occur?
Responda
  • One copy of the mother's C21 translocates to C14. Upon fertilisation, the future child will have inherited two copies from the mother (due to the translocated C21 to C14 as well as the normal C21 copy) and a copy from the father, making 3 copies of C21.
  • The mother is a carrier of three C21 copies which leads to the child inheriting two copies of C21 from the mother and one from the father.
  • C14 changes into C21 upon fertilisation, therefore two copies are inherited from mother/father and one other copy from the father/mother.

Questão 33

Questão
Mutations are frequently due to...
Responda
  • Copying errors during DNA replication
  • Spontaneous depurination
  • Background ionising radiation
  • Chromosomal non-disjunction
  • Splicing errors

Questão 34

Questão
A transcriptional mutation commonly affects the promoter region of a gene, therefore promotion to initiate transcription does not occur and thus a protein is not produced.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 35

Questão
A splice site mutation (deleted/creation of splice site) does not introduce introns into the mature mRNA transcript.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 36

Questão
Common gene mutations are indicated in certain cancers.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 37

Questão
What is the function of the mismatch repair machinery?
Responda
  • The mismatch repair machinery helps to repair slippaged DNA (insertion/deletions) that escapes proofreading
  • The mismatch repair machinery helps to destroy cancer cells
  • The mismatch repair machinery helps to repair incorrectly paired DNA strands

Questão 38

Questão
Sickle cell is caused by a substitution of hydrophilic valine for hydrophobic glutamate (GAG -> GTG)
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 39

Questão
Cystic fibrosis is caused by deletion of a codon coding for a phenylalanine residue of the CFTR channel protein.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 40

Questão
PCR are repeated cycles of...?
Responda
  • Primer, Polymerase, Denaturation.
  • Polymerase, Primer, Denaturation.
  • Denaturation, Polymerase, Primer.

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