35113568
Descrição
Quiz por Elisabeth Haasen, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Elisabeth Haasen
quase 3 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
4. Tapping of patellar elicits reflex contraction of quadriceps muscle, Which of following precedes contraction of quadriceps femoris?
Responda
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Ia afferents from quadriceps muscle spindle increase their rate of
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Ib afferents from Golgi tendon organ increase their rate of firing
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alpha-motor neurons innervating extradural muscle fibers increase their rate of firing
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gamma-motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle increase their rate of firing
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The alpha-motoneurons to the antagonist muscles increase their rate of firing
Questão 2
Questão
5. Which of following are elements of reflex arc of the inverse stretch reflex?
Responda
-
Inhibitory interneuron of the spinal cord
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Gamma motor neuron innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle cells
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Golgi tendon organ
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Ib sensory fiber from the annulospiral ending e9
-
Alpha-motor neuron innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle cells
-
C fiber collecting input from the muscle spindle
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Sensory protoneuron of the dorsal root ganglion collecting input from type La sensory fiber
Questão 3
Questão
2.EEG , normal healthy human
Responda
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alfa- awake with eyes closed, relaxing
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beta – awake, aroused with eyes open
-
gamma – focus attention on something
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delta - sleep
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teta - sleep
Questão 4
Questão
-6. Cerebellar dysfunctions
Responda
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resting tremor
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ignition tremor
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Intention tremor
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ataxia
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adiadkinesia, didiadokin
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muscle aphnemia
Questão 5
Questão
13.Which basal ganglia form the corpus striatum
Responda
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subthalamic nuclei
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globus pallidus (int.part)
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putamen
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substantia nigra
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caudate nucleus
Questão 6
Questão
15. Defect of right geniculocalcarine tract result in decrease visual acuity in?
Responda
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temporal half of left retina
-
temporal half of right retina
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nasal half of right retina
-
nasal half of left retina
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both half of hemis retina
Questão 7
Questão
2. EEG in normal healthy awake adults:
Responda
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Alpha
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Delta
-
Beta
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Theta
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Gamma
Questão 8
Questão
5. Defects of right geniculocalcarine tract (left optic radiation)?
Responda
-
Temporal half of left retina
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Temporal half of right retina
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Nasal half of left retina
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Nasal half of right retina
-
Both half of hemis retina
Questão 9
Questão
7. What is the main function of Granule cells of cerebellar cortex?
Responda
-
They excite Purkinje cells via their parallel fibers
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They excite Golgi and Stellate cells via their parallel fibers
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They excite Purkinje cells via their mossy fibers
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They excite Golgi and Stellate cells via their mossy fibers
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They inhibit Purkinje, Basket, Golgi and Stellate cells via their parallel fibers
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They inhibit deep cerebellar nuclei via their mossy fibers
Questão 10
Questão
10. Primary sensory cortex:
Responda
-
Detects specific sensory cortex, input of the peripheral organs
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Analyzes of specific sensory input
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Located in postcentral gyrus of Parietal lobe
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Located in Cingulate gyrus
Questão 11
Questão
11. Afferent pathways of Spinal cord:
Responda
-
Anterior and lateral spinothalamic tract pass through ventral posterolateral nuclei of thalamus
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All afferent pathways are crossed by corticospinal tract
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Spinothalamic tract conduct exteroceptive, proprioceptive and teleoceptive sensation
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Second neuron can be located in spinal cord of Medulla oblongata
Questão 12
Questão
-14. What is true about muscle stretch receptors?
Responda
-
The flower ending formed by Ia fibers -
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The annulospiral ending formed by Ib fibers
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The annulospiral ending is formed by Ia fibers
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The golgi tendon organ has primary plate ending formed by Ib fibers
Questão 13
Questão
-15. Purkinje cells?
Responda
-
Excitatory climbing fibers
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Release neurotransmitter
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Release GABA as neurotransmitter
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Release GABA and Glycine as neurotransmitter
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Inhibitory.... (missing rest of question)
Questão 14
Questão
-17. Phototransduction – in correct order:
a. Retinal configuration from less energetic cis configuration to more energetic trans-configuration
b. Hyperpolarization
c. Closure of Na+ channels dependent on cGMP
d. Opening of Na+ channels dependent on cGMP
e. Activation of transducin
f. Reduced concentration of cGMP
Responda
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a, c, e, f, d
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a, e, f, c, b
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a, f, e, c, b
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a, e, f, b, c
Questão 15
Questão
Emmetropia correction?
Responda
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Correction: concave lens
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Correction: convex lens
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Correction: cylindrical lens
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No correction needed
Questão 16
Questão
Hyperopia correction?
Responda
-
Correction: concave lens
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Correction: convex lens
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Correction: cylindrical lens
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No correction needed
Questão 17
Questão
Myopia correction?
Responda
-
Correction: concave lens
-
Correction: convex lens
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Correction: cylindrical lens
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No correction needed
Questão 18
Questão
Astigmatism correction?
Responda
-
Correction: concave lens
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Correction: convex lens
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Correction: cylindrical lens
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No correction needed
Questão 19
Questão
20) True statement
Responda
-
A. Bone conduction compared to air conduction in Rinne-test
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B. Sound conduction is heard louder in defect ear in Weber-test
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C. Bone conduction is the main sound conduction
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Sound frequency ranges between 6Hz – 10KHz
Questão 20
Questão
21. Hair cells are located in:
Responda
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A. Middle ear
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B. Crista of semicircular canals
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C. Basilar membrane of organ of Corti
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D: Scala tympani
Questão 21
Questão
24. What is true about paccinian corpsules?
Responda
-
A. They are rapidly adapting
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B. They are slow adapting
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C. They cover large area of the skin
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D. They cover short area of the skin
Questão 22
Questão
27. Slow superficial pain:
Responda
-
A. Is not transmitted to Cerebral cortex
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B. Transmitted by unmyelinated C-fibers
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C. Is “bright” and easy to locate
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D. Is “gated” by Spinal cord
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E. Is modulated by interneurons of gelatinous substance in the posterior horn
Questão 23
Questão
1. Which of following statements concerning antinociceptive system of the dorsal ... are true:
Responda
-
tactile cutaneous stimulation conducted by A beta fibers inhibits pain, conducted by C fibers
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proprioceptive stimulation conducted by A gamma fibers inhibits fast pain conducted by A ...fibers
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presynaptic inhibition of pain is performed by descending hyperpolarizing on 2nd order
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tactile cutaneous stimulation conducted by C fibers inhibits pain, conducted by A beta-fibers
Questão 24
Questão
2. Identify right statements concerning pain pathways:
Responda
-
fast pain fibers of the spinal cord liberate excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate
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most of slow pain fibers finish in reticular formation, rectal area and perpendicular grey region
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upon entering the spinal cord fast and slow pain fibers synapse with the same population of neurons
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paleospinothalamic tract transmits impulses concerning quality, intensity and location of pain
Questão 25
Questão
3. Nociception is NOT conducted by:
Responda
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lateral spinothalamic tract
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same pathway as the sense of vibration and fine, precise touch
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same pathway pathway as the input from thermoreceptors
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anterior spinothalamic tract
Questão 26
Questão
4. Tapping of patellar tendon elicit a reflex contraction of the quadriceps muscle. Which of the following precedes the contraction of the quadriceps femoris
Responda
-
Ia afferents from the quadriceps muscle spindle increase their rate of firing
-
Ib afferent from the Golgi tendon organ increase their ring of firing
-
α-motoneurons (alpha) innervating the extrafusal muscle fibers increase their rate of firing
-
γ-motoneurons(gamma) innervating the intrafusal muscle fibers increase their rate of firing
-
α-motoneurons to the antagonistic muscles increase their rate of firing
Questão 27
Questão
5. Which of the following are elements of the reflex arc of the inverse-stretch reflex?
Responda
-
Inhibitory interneuron of the spinal cord
-
Gamma motor neuron innervating extrafusal skeletal muscle cells
-
Golgi tendon organ
-
Ib sensory fiber from the annulospiral ending
-
Alpha-motor neuron innervating extrafusal skeletal muscle cells
-
C fiber collecting input from the muscle spindle
-
Sensory protoneuron of the dorsal root ganglion collecting input from type Ia sensory fiber
Questão 28
Questão
6. Pyramidal pathways are essential for which of following activities:
Responda
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Speech and writing
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respiratory movements of a diaphragm and intercostal muscles
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Motor activities performed with hands and fingers such as taping keyboards
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diadochokinesia
-
kinesthesia and stereo agnosia
Questão 29
Questão
7. Gracile fasciculus pathway is composed of:
Responda
-
a. Neurons in posterior horn of the spinal cord
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b. Dorsal root ganglion cell
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c. Neurons in nucleus gracilis
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d. Neurons in ventral (posterolateral??) nuclei of thalamus
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e. Neurons in postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex
Questão 30
Questão
8. Lesion of precentral gyrus of the left frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere leads to:
Responda
-
Inability to perform voluntary movements
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Fluent aphasia
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Loss of coordination of movements
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Spastic tone of the contralateral skeletal muscles due to damage of the upper neuron of the pyramidal tract
Questão 31
Questão
9.Which of the following sentences describe properly fasciculus gracilis:
Responda
-
it collects sensory input from lower part of the body
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it collect sensory input from upper part of the body
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conducts impulses from muscle spindles + Golgi tendon organs
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it conveys crude (light) tough and temperature sense
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it conveys fine (discriminative) touch and vibration sense
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Second-order neuron is located in medulla oblongata
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Second order neuron is located in posterior horn of the spinal cord -
Questão 32
Questão
10. Identify statements concerning lateral corticospinal tract
Responda
-
it innervates bilaterally axial muscles (muscles proximal to the trunk)
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it crosses the midline in pyramidal decussation
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first order neurons of the pathways synapse in nucleus rubber
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it reduces the muscular tone of flexors
Questão 33
Questão
11. Describe properly the characteristics of the spinothalamic tract:
Responda
-
it is 2 neuron sensory tract that is localized in anterolateral neural pathways system
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it is a 3-neuron sensory tract that is localized in dorsal columns of the spinal cord
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it conveys sensation modalities such as ticide and itch, temperature, light touch and pressure
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it passes to the contralateral CNS side on the level of the medulla oblongata
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it terminates finally in the somatosensory cortex
Questão 34
Questão
12. Indicate correct statements concerning Purkinje cells of cerebellar cortex:
Responda
-
liberate GABA producing inhibitory effect to neurons of deep cerebellar nuclei
-
they project excitatory output to basket and stellate cells through GABAc receptor
-
They are excited by glutamate liberated by axon terminals of climbing fibers and parallel fibers
-
they are directly activated by mossy fibers
-
project excitatory axons converging on deep cerebellar nuclei
Questão 35
Questão
13. Which statements are right?
Responda
-
Climbing fiber input exerts a strong excitatory effect on single Purkinje cell
-
Basket cells project to deep cerebellar nuclei
-
Mossy fibers come from all possible sources except for inferior olivary nuclei
-
Mossy fibers come from inferior olivary nuclei -
Questão 36
Questão
14. Identify right statements concerning cerebellar function:
Responda
-
Damage of the flocculonodular lobe lead to nystagmus
-
Input from cerebro-porto-cerebellar pathways enters dentate nucleus of vestibulocerebellum
-
Anterior cerebellospinal tract distribute proper rate and strength of muscle cells to postural muscles
-
Damage of the cerebellum results with discoordination of all movements (ataxia)
Questão 37
Questão
15. Which of the following are direct effects of action of gamma motoneurons?
Responda
-
a) stimulate extrafusal muscle fibers to contract
-
b) help maintaining activity of Ia afferent during contraction
-
c) stimulate activity in Ib afferent fibers
-
d) detect the length of resting skeletal muscles
-
e) produce contraction of the nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers
Questão 38
Questão
18. Identify right statements concerning the ß- rhythm appearing on an EEG recording
Responda
-
appears when a patient's eyes open
-
forms sleep spindles of the EEG recording
-
ecorded during NREM sleep of healthy adults
-
represents activity that is the most specific for the frontal region of the conscious brain
Questão 39
Questão
19. Identify correct statements concerning hyperopia (farsightedness):
Responda
-
Near point of vision can be located 1 meter from the eye
-
It is related to increased focal length of the eyeball
-
it is corrected by concave lenses
-
Near objects are focused on retina while far objects not
Questão 40
Questão
20. Right LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus) is entered by input from:
Responda
-
Temporal half of the left retina
-
Temporal half of the right retina
-
Nasal half of the left retina
-
Nasal half of the tight retina
-
Both left hemiretinas (left of both retinas)
Questão 41
Questão
21. In conductive loss of hearing (conductive deafness) of right ear
Responda
-
In Weber's test, sound is heard louder by the right ear
-
Rinne's test of the right ear is positive
-
Patient's hearing of the right ear is longer than the examiner's in Schwabach's test
-
Air conduction of the right ear is better bone conduction
Questão 42
Questão
22. Which of the following statements concerning Visual acuity are NOT true:
Responda
-
Is tested by Snellen letter chart
-
is normal when eye is able to discriminate details separated by a visual angle of 5 minutes of arc (1 minute of arc = 1/60 degree)
-
it depends on defects of focusing
-
depends on the state of rods
Questão 43
Questão
23. Rhodopsin is:
Responda
-
Composed of transducin and photopsin
-
the G-protein of cones
-
The serpentine receptor coupled with G-protein, which activates enzyme PDE
-
It is a ligand gated channel similar to muscarinic receptor
-
Metabotropic receptor located on free floating discs of the outer segment of rods
Questão 44
Questão
5. Identify right statement concerning the alpha-rhythm appearing in EEG:
Responda
-
It is present in awake patients with eyes open
-
Made up by low frequency high amplitude waves frequency is 8-13 Hz
-
it forms sleep spindle of EEG
-
It is typically recorded in occipital lobe (or similar)
-
Typical rhythm of frontal lobe are in unconscious and conscious person
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