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Midterm Practice

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Practice
CatCCSF
Quiz por CatCCSF, atualizado more than 1 year ago
CatCCSF
Criado por CatCCSF aproximadamente 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
The rate of Ca+ diffusion across a membrane is dependent on -
Responda
  • Permeability of the membrane on the solute
  • Concentration gradient
  • Existence of carriers and/or channels for the solute
  • All of these are true.

Questão 2

Questão
Na+ concentration on either side of a membrane plays a role in osmolarity, even if it is not permeable to the membrane.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 3

Questão
The rate of diffusion for a solute across a membrane is dependent on -
Responda
  • Concentration gradient
  • Temperature
  • Viscosity of the fluid
  • All of these.

Questão 4

Questão
Homeostasis in physiological systems refers to the maintenance of a static or constant conditions in the internal environment.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 5

Questão
Influences on receptor-mediated channels refers to a protein
Responda
  • Allowing other solutes to cross a membrane, after linking to a primary molecule.
  • Allowing other solutes to cross a membrane, after a voltage change to the inside of the cell.
  • Allowing other solutes to cross a membrane, after pressure changes to the inside of the cell.
  • All of these.

Questão 6

Questão
Osmotic pressure is the pressure necessary to allow the movement of water across a membrane.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 7

Questão
Secondary active co-transporter proteins in a cell membrane have which of the properties listed below?
Responda
  • Selectiveity
  • Uses energy from solute concentration gradient (runs downhill)
  • Saturable
  • All of these.

Questão 8

Questão
Which statement below is NOT true?
Responda
  • Voltage is "pressure" that moves electrons or ions through a circuit.
  • Current is the number of electron or ions moving per unit of time.
  • Resistance is not associated with the lipid membrane.
  • Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance.

Questão 9

Questão
Active transport differs from facilitated diffusion in that it uses energy to move a substance uphill against its concentration gradient.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 10

Questão
The equilibrium potential for a particular ion is the voltage in which that ions movement across a lipid membrane comes to a relative stop.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 11

Questão
Depolarizing the membrane of excitable cells by ~10mV will initiate -
Responda
  • increases in Na+ conductance (ability to move across the membrane)
  • decreases Na+ in conductance (ability to move across the membrane)
  • closing of Na+ ions protein channels
  • cell death

Questão 12

Questão
The Nernst Equation is important for:
Responda
  • Determining the absolute membrane potential
  • Determining the electrical potential difference, for a single ion, needed to counter the concentration difference.
  • Determining the concentration difference, for multiple ion, needed to counter the concentration difference.
  • None of these

Questão 13

Questão
When determining the "equilibrium potential" for Na+, we have to assume the membrane is permeable to Na+.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 14

Questão
Which channel is most responsible for the depolarization phase of an action potential across a cell membrane?
Responda
  • Open Na+ channels
  • Open K+ channels
  • Open Ca++ chanels
  • All of these

Questão 15

Questão
Which process listed below is most responsible for maintaining the electrochemical gradient?
Responda
  • Facilitated diffusion of Na+
  • Na+/K+ pump
  • Ca++ storage
  • Starbuck's Coffee and Krispy Cream.

Questão 16

Questão
What two factors make using the Goldman Equation more appropriate for determining the "Resting Membrane Potential", instead of using the Nertz Equation?
Responda
  • The number of voltage-gated channels located in the membrane and concentration of ions inside the cell.
  • The relative ion concentration on either side of the membrane and the relative permeability of the membrane to the ions.
  • The amount of Krispy Cream donuts and Starbuck's coffee outside the cell.
  • The inclusion of the relative permeability of the ions.

Questão 17

Questão
Which ion is most responsible for the initial change (depolarization) in membrane potential during the action potential?
Responda
  • Na+
  • K+
  • Ca++
  • Cl-

Questão 18

Questão
Ligand-gated channels are important for initiating an action potential at the neuromuscular junction.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 19

Questão
Slow, oxidative muscle fibers -
Responda
  • Use mainting oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP.
  • Have large amounts of mitochondria.
  • Have large blood supply.
  • All of these.

Questão 20

Questão
The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores __________ when a muscle is relaxed and releases it for binding to _______ during contraction.
Responda
  • calcium; troponin
  • calcium; tropomyosin
  • sodium; tropomyosin
  • potassium; tropinin

Questão 21

Questão
Put in to the correct sequence the following events involved in muscle cell contraction. 1. Voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing sodium to flow in. 2. Spreading action potential reaches T-Tubles activating a DHP molecule. 3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on muscle cell membrane. 4. Ligand-gated receptors allow small amounts of sodium into the cell changing membrane potential 10mV(+). 5. If enough sodium moves into the muscle cell, an impulse (action potential) develops.
Responda
  • 3,4,1,5,2
  • 2,1,3,4,5
  • 2,4,3,1,5
  • 3,4,5,1,2

Questão 22

Questão
Which molecule listed below is responsible for "physically" inhibiting the binding of the myosin head to the active binding site on actin?
Responda
  • Troponin
  • Tropomyosin
  • G-actin
  • all of these

Questão 23

Questão
In order to allow discrete events to occur, calcium is rapidly removed from the cytoplasm by __________.
Responda
  • dihydropyridime channels
  • calcium-sequestering proteins in the cytoplasm
  • calcium pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • DHP receptor

Questão 24

Questão
When an action potential is generated within a motor unit -
Responda
  • the muscle cells of the motor unit will occasionally contract.
  • only select muscle cells within the motor unit are stimulated to contract.
  • every muscle cell of the motor unit is stimulated to contract.
  • the muscle cells from the neighboring motor unit will contract.

Questão 25

Questão
The releasing of Ca++ inside the skeletal muscle cell (intracellular) is initiated by which protein receptor listed below?
Responda
  • Actin
  • DHP
  • Myosin
  • Tropomyosin

Questão 26

Questão
The t-tubules are an extension of the cell membrane of the skeletal muscle cell.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 27

Questão
The t-tubule of cardiac muscle
Responda
  • form the Z lines
  • stores K+
  • provides a means of rapidly transmitting action potential to the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the DHP molecule
  • are larger than those found in skeletal muscle.

Questão 28

Questão
The fusing of synaptic vesicles with the terminal button membrane is initiated by Ca++ influx into the cell.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 29

Questão
The plateau of the cardiac action potential results from opening of voltage-gated, slow _______ channels in the membrane of the cardiac cell.
Responda
  • sodium
  • potasium
  • calcium
  • chloride

Questão 30

Questão
Heart muscle has long refractory period due to extended K+ channel opening.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 31

Questão
Increased activity within the parasympathetic nervous system will result in changes primarily within the
Responda
  • sinoatrial node only
  • atrioventricular node only
  • ventricles only
  • sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node
  • sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and ventricles

Questão 32

Questão
Which of the following is NOT involved in triggering the normal coordinated contraction of cardiac muscle cells?
Responda
  • release of a neurotransmitter.
  • change in membrane potential within individual cardiac muscle cells
  • initiation of an action potential
  • a pacemaker potential
  • the conduction system of the heart.

Questão 33

Questão
The long refractory period of cardiac muscle prevents tetanic contraction of the heart.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 34

Questão
The sinoatrial node requires external stimulation in order to generate an action potential.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 35

Questão
Which of the following EKG events represents the depolarization of the ventricle?
Responda
  • P wave
  • QRS complex
  • PR interval
  • T wave

Questão 36

Questão
The spontaneous action potential generated by the Sino-Atrial Node, Atrio-ventricular Node, and Purkinje Fibers is due to K+ leaking across the cardiac muscle cell membrane.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 37

Questão
The depolarization of the atria (by the Sino-Atrial Node) will be communicated (sent) to the ventricles (Purkinje fibers) by the _________.
Responda
  • Sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • DHP molecule
  • A-V bundle (bundle of His)
  • Actin and myosin filaments.

Questão 38

Questão
Diastolic pressure generated by the right ventricle must overcome pressure in the aorta to get blood flow out to the rest of the body.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 39

Questão
The Frank-Starling mechanism of heart contraction state that as more blood enters the heart, the heart will respond by contracting with greater force. Which is the statements below helps explain how this works?
Responda
  • The pacemaker mechanism of the heart is stimulated by increased input of blood to the left ventricle.
  • Parasympathetic inhibition of contraction will allow more force to be generated.
  • Stretched cardiac muscle has better actin/myosin filament alignment.
  • All of these.

Questão 40

Questão
Contraction of motor units is a(n) ____________ manner allows a muscle to maintain a level of force for a duration of time without fatiguing.
Responda
  • Synchronous
  • Asymmetrical
  • Asynchronous
  • Random

Questão 41

Questão
Skeletal muscle fibers operate at near-optimal sarcomere length in the normal individual.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 42

Questão
The speed at which the action potential travels through different parts of the heart conduction system is dependent on -
Responda
  • blood flow through the heart
  • functioning of the Atrio-ventricular valve.
  • resistance to the spread of the action potential
  • phases of the moon.

Questão 43

Questão
The influx of calcium into the axon terminal of a chemical synapse is responsible for the ____________.
Responda
  • initiation of the action potential
  • termination of an action potential
  • fusion of the vesicles to the membrane and their exocytosis
  • movement of calcium through gap junctions

Questão 44

Questão
Which substance below could be used to treat 'flaccid paralysis'?
Responda
  • Curare
  • Botulinum Toxin
  • Tetanus Toxin
  • Diisoprophyl fluorophosphate

Questão 45

Questão
Pressure in the right atria of the heart is ~0
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 46

Questão
Ventricular cardiac muscle cells demonstrate a stable resting membrane potential with no evidence of the slow depolarization of the specialized cardiac pacemaker cells.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 47

Questão
Which specialized muscle tissues of the heart can generate the greatest number of action potentials in a minute?
Responda
  • Sino-Atrial Node
  • Atrio-Ventricular Node
  • Purkinje fibers
  • All of the these.

Questão 48

Questão
An ion's overall electrochemical gradient will tend to force that ion across the membrane in a direction that will cause membrane potential to move toward that ion's equilibrium potential.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 49

Questão
The electrical potential of a membrane at rest is closest to potassium's equilibrium potential because ___________.
Responda
  • more sodium channels are open, allowing more sodium to move into the cell.
  • more potassium channels are open, allowing more potassium to move in or out of the cell.
  • more sodium channels are closed, allowing less sodium to move in or out of the cell.
  • all of the above.

Questão 50

Questão
As a consequence of Frank-Starling's Law of the heart, _________________________.
Responda
  • an increase in end-systolic volume will increase stroke volume.
  • a decrease in end-diastolic volume will increase stroke volume.
  • an increase in end-diastolic volume will increase stroke volume.
  • stroke volume is unaffected by end-diastolic volume.

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