Question 1
Question
If Resorption < Formation:
Question 2
Question
Which of the following are bone mass determinants:
Answer
-
Genetics
-
Age
-
Mechanical loading
-
Protein intake
-
Calcium intake
-
Vitamin D
-
Sex steroids
-
Vitamin C
Question 3
Question
Sclerostin is released by which of the following?
Answer
-
Osteocytes
-
Osteoblasts
-
Osteoclasts
-
Lining Cells
Question 4
Question
Sclerostin __________ Wnt signalling in Osteoblasts/Osteocytes
Question 5
Question
With deformity of bone (on loading), sclerostin secretion:
Question 6
Answer
-
SclerOSTin
-
Stimulated by OSTeocyte
Question 7
Question
Obligatory urine Calcium loss is [blank_start]__________[blank_end] mg/d (although [blank_start]__________[blank_end] after menopause).
Answer
-
150-200
-
1000
-
25
-
300
-
More
-
Less
Question 8
Question
Recommended daily allowance for calcium changes according to age, but broadly mostly around:
Answer
-
1000
-
70
-
150-200
-
700
-
2000
-
1500-2000
-
25
-
300
Question 9
Question
Vitamin D [blank_start]__________[blank_end] gut Calcium absorption:
Question 10
Question
A non-Calcium-rich diet will usually have approximately [blank_start]__________[blank_end] mg/d Calcium. This is [blank_start]__________[blank_end]% of recommended intake.
Answer
-
300
-
1000
-
150-200
-
30
-
15-20
-
25
-
100
-
70
Question 11
Question
True or false: Exposure to the sun is [normally] our main source of Vitamin D.
Question 12
Question
True or false: Diet is [normally] our main source of Vitamin D.
Question 13
Question
What’s the recommended daily intake of Vitamin D?
Answer
-
1000IU (25μg)
-
25IU (1000μg)
Question 14
Question
Which of the following accelerates Vitamin D degradation?
Answer
-
Some medications
-
LOW Calcium intake
-
HIGH Calcium intake
-
HIGH PTH
-
LOW PTH
Question 15
Question
Which of the following groups are commonly associated with increased risk of Vitamin D deficiency?
Answer
-
Geriatric admissions to hospital
-
Dark-skinned people, especially with modest dress
-
Obese people
-
Fair skinned people with severe tan
-
Fair skinned people who avoid sun because of skin cancer risk
-
Office workers
-
Night shift workers
-
Farmers
Question 16
Question
In a study of 100 office workers in Sydney, sunscreen users had [blank_start]__________[blank_end] Vitamin D levels compared to non-users.
Question 17
Question
How does Vitamin D help bone health?
Answer
-
Increases gut Calcium absorption
-
Facilitates bone mineralisation
-
Important for muscle function
-
Permits release of bone stores of Calcium
-
It doesn’t
Question 18
Question
Vitamin D deficiency leads to increased bone turnover. Severe Vitamin D deficiency leads [primarily] to?
Answer
-
Osteomalacia
-
Osteoporosis
-
Both of the above
-
Neither of the above
Question 19
Question
Adequate levels of [blank_start]__________[blank_end] are needed to maximise Calcium absorption and [blank_start]__________[blank_end] ParaThyroid Hormone (PTH).
Answer
-
25OHD
-
25HD
-
25OD
-
2OH5D
-
20O5HD
-
Suppress
-
Increase
Question 20
Answer
-
25(OH) vitamin D
-
1,25(OH) vitamin D
-
1,25(OH)2 vitamin D
-
25(OH)2 vitamin D
Question 21
Question
Severe CALCIUM deficiency can lead to:
Answer
-
Osteoporosis
-
Osteomalacia
-
Rickets
Question 22
Question
Severe VITAMIN D deficiency can lead to Osteomalacia/Rickets. Are they the same thing?
Question 23
Question
Which of the following helps to maintain normal balance between bone formation and resorption:
Answer
-
Androgens
-
Oestrogens
-
Both of the above
-
Neither of the above
Question 24
Question
True or False: Oestrogens help to keep bone cells alive.
Question 25
Question
True or False: Androgens help to keep bone cells alive.
Question 26
Question
True or false: Anorexia leads to weak bones solely through nutrient deficiency.
Question 27
Question
Glucocorticoids (Cortisone etc) are catabolic at pharmacologic doses. Where does each manifestation occur?
↓ Calcium absorption in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
↑ Calcium losses in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
↓ IGF-1 in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
Question 28
Question
Protein intake helps:
Answer
-
Bone function
-
Muscle function
-
Both of the above
-
Neither of the above
Question 29
Question
If a diet contains inadequate Calcium to replace urinary losses, what happens?
Answer
-
Raid bones for Calcium
-
Nothing