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Patho week 4

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Tri 2 patho Quiz on Patho week 4, created by Mitch Thornell on 09/08/2018.
Mitch Thornell
Quiz by Mitch Thornell, updated more than 1 year ago
Mitch Thornell
Created by Mitch Thornell over 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
1. A 65-year-old female with emphysema presents to the ED for difficulty breathing. Physical exam reveals bluish skin and mucous membranes. This condition is referred to as:
Answer
  • haemoptysis
  • Hypothermia
  • haematemesis
  • cyanosis

Question 2

Question
1. A 30-year-old male is experiencing respiratory failure. Which of the following lab values would be expected?
Answer
  • low PaCO2
  • Normal blood pH
  • low PaO2
  • electrolyte imbalances

Question 3

Question
A 10-year-old female develops pneumonia following a urinary tract infection. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. She reports that breathing is difficult and she feels she cannot get enough air. This condition is referred to as:
Answer
  • dyspnoea.
  • cyanosis
  • orthopnoea
  • hyperpnoea

Question 4

Question
Reduced oxygenation of arterial blood is called:
Answer
  • hypoxia
  • hypocapnia.
  • hypoxaemia
  • ischaemia

Question 5

Question
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea generally occurs with:
Answer
  • pulmonary fibrosis.
  • asthma
  • left ventricular failure.
  • hypertension.

Question 6

Question
1. What disease of the lungs is a contagious, airborne bacterial infection that causes fibrotic, calcified lesions that are visible on an X-ray?
Answer
  • tuberculosis
  • diphtheria
  • lobar pneumonia
  • legionellosis

Question 7

Question
1. Pneumonia is caused by:
Answer
  • use of anaesthetic agents in surgery
  • atelectasis
  • chronic lung changes seen with ageing
  • viral or bacterial infections

Question 8

Question
1. A 50-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking was diagnosed with lung cancer. He was previously exposed to air pollution, asbestos and radiation at his job. Which of the following most likely had the greatest impact on development of his cancer?
Answer
  • cigarette smoke
  • radiation
  • asbestos
  • air pollution

Question 9

Question
1. This condition involves inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi; is also known as laryngotracheobronchitis; involves copious mucus secretion; has a distinctive barking cough; and is potentially dangerous in infants.
Answer
  • croup
  • laryngeal pneumonia
  • rhinitis
  • pertussis

Question 10

Question
1. This condition is an inflammatory response with extensive mucus production and submucosal oedema, resulting in widespread obstruction of bronchioles. It is of particular concern when present in infants.
Answer
  • histoplasmosis
  • pneumonia
  • tonsillitis
  • bronchiolitis

Question 11

Question
What would be the most effective compensation for chronic respiratory acidosis?
Answer
  • The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions
  • The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions
  • The kidneys producing more lactic acid
  • The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions

Question 12

Question
What would hypercapnia cause?
Answer
  • Respiratory acidosis
  • Decreased carbonic acid in the blood
  • Increased blood pH
  • Decreased respirations

Question 13

Question
Changes in PCO2 tend to affect the pH of blood.
Answer
  • True, and increases in PCO2 tend to decrease blood pH
  • False, blood pH is largely unaffected by PCO2.
  • True, and decreases in PCO2 tend to decrease pH.
  • True, and increases in PCO2 tend to increase pH.

Question 14

Question
50-year-old male with diabetes did not take his medication and is now in metabolic acidosis. He is experiencing Kussmaul respirations that can be characterised by:
Answer
  • an increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes and no expiratory pause
  • rapid respirations with periods of apnoea.
  • audible wheezing or stridor.
  • very slow inhalations and rapid expirations

Question 15

Question
A pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after admission to the hospital is considered
Answer
  • hospital-acquired pneumonia.
  • community-acquired pneumonia.
  • Health care–associated
  • viral pneumonia

Question 16

Question
What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?
Answer
  • Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva
  • Hoarse voice and barking cough
  • Sneezing, mild cough, and fever
  • Hyperinflation of the chest and stridor

Question 17

Question
Which type of lung cancer is most commonly associated with a history of smoking?
Answer
  • small cell carcinoma
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • adenocarcinoma
  • mesothelioma

Question 18

Question
Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?
Answer
  • Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum
  • Viral infection causing nonproductive cough and pleuritic pain
  • Opportunistic bacteria causing low-grade fever with cough and thick greenish sputum
  • Insidious onset, diffuse interstitial infection

Question 19

Question
Obstruction in the upper airway is usually indicated by:
Answer
  • stridor
  • rales
  • orthopnoea
  • wheezing

Question 20

Question
Changes in PCO2 tend to affect the pH of blood.
Answer
  • True, and decreases in PCO2 tend to decrease pH.
  • True, and increases in PCO2 tend to decrease blood pH.
  • True, and increases in PCO2 tend to increase pH.
  • False, blood pH is largely unaffected by PCO2.

Question 21

Question
Anxiety-provoked hyperventilation will:
Answer
  • will not affect PCO2 but will increase PO2 significantly
  • increase PCO2 quite markedly, and increase PO2 to a similar extent
  • decrease PCO2 quite markedly, and increase PO2 to small extent
  • increase PO2 significantly, and increase PCO2 slightly

Question 22

Question
A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide levels. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
Answer
  • pain neurons producing bicarbonate buffer
  • hypoventilation
  • hyperventilation
  • apnoea

Question 23

Question
A 50-year-old male with diabetes did not take his medication and is now in metabolic acidosis. He is experiencing Kussmaul respirations that can be characterised by:
Answer
  • audible wheezing or stridor.
  • rapid respirations with periods of apnoea.
  • an increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes and no expiratory pause
  • very slow inhalations and rapid expirations

Question 24

Question
What disease of the lungs is a contagious, airborne bacterial infection that causes fibrotic, calcified lesions that are visible on an X-ray?
Answer
  • mesothelioma
  • diphtheria
  • lobar pneumonia
  • tuberculosis

Question 25

Question
The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:
Answer
  • Damage of lung tissue due to smoking
  • emphysema
  • cancer tumour
  • Bacteria infection

Question 26

Question
What would hypercapnia cause;
Answer
  • Respiratory acidosis
  • decreased carbonic acid in the blood
  • increased blood pH
  • Decreased respirations

Question 27

Question
What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?
Answer
  • Serous nasal discharge, congestion and sneezing
  • Harsh barking cough and wheezing
  • Purulent nasal discharge and periorbital pain
  • copious purulent sputum, particularly in the morning

Question 28

Question
Which patient is most likely to have abnormalities in breathing regulation?
Answer
  • a 34-year-old male with damage to his upper and lower pons following a blow to the back of the head
  • a 66-year-old male with temporal lobe infarcts secondary to a stroke
  • a 45-year-old female with spinal cord injury at c7 following a motor vehicle accident
  • a 23-year-old male who has an injury to his frontal lobe following a sports injury

Question 29

Question
How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia
Answer
  • Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion
  • too painful to breath
  • Inflammatory exudate absorbs oxygen from the alveolar air
  • Acidosis depresses respiration
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