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Limb Development and Integumentary System

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Quiz on Limb Development and Integumentary System , created by Brynna Nguyenton on 21/11/2018.
Brynna Nguyenton
Quiz by Brynna Nguyenton, updated more than 1 year ago
Brynna Nguyenton
Created by Brynna Nguyenton about 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which of the following embryonic layers contribute to the formation of limbs?
Answer
  • ectoderm
  • endoderm
  • mesoderm
  • neural crest cells

Question 2

Question
By the ___th week of development, osteogenesis of the long bones begins.
Answer
  • 4th
  • 5th
  • 6th
  • 7th

Question 3

Question
Which of the following statements is true regarding limb development?
Answer
  • The upper and lower limbs develop along the same timeline
  • The upper limbs begin to develop before the lower limbs
  • The lower limbs begin to develop before the upper limbs
  • The positions of the limbs do not change as the embryo grows

Question 4

Question
Which of the following chromosomal aneuploidy syndromes is associated with polydactyly?
Answer
  • Monosomy X
  • Trisomy 13
  • Trisomy 18
  • Trisomy 21

Question 5

Question
All of the following are true regarding Rickets except?
Answer
  • It can be due to vitamin D deficiency and hypophosphatemia
  • Affected individuals have dental anomalies including hypomineralization of enamel
  • Affected individuals have abnormal appearing bones/limbs aside from just short stature
  • The only mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive

Question 6

Question
The limb defect known as ________, also called lobster-claw deformity or forked hand is associated with a type of congenital ectodermal dysplasia.
Answer
  • Meromelia
  • Phocomelia
  • Ectrodactyly
  • Adactyly

Question 7

Question
All of the following mechanisms are necessary for normal limb development except:
Answer
  • Apoptosis
  • Inductive interactions and secretions of SHH
  • HOX gene expression
  • Cellular migration of sclerotome from somites

Question 8

Question
The most critical period of limb development is between _____ to _____ days; certain teratogen exposures during this time greatly increases the risk for limb defects.
Answer
  • 24 to 36 (beginning of embryonic period)
  • 38 to 50 (middle of embryonic period)
  • 52 to 63 (end of embryonic period)

Question 9

Question
Most visible changes occur during what period of development?
Answer
  • 10 to 14 weeks
  • 20 to 28 weeks
  • 3 to 8 weeks
  • 15 to 20 weeks

Question 10

Question
Each of the following conditions can result in death during the neonatal period except:
Answer
  • Congenital heart defects
  • Hypertrichosis
  • Ichthyosis
  • Renal agenesis

Question 11

Question
All of the following are congenital heart defects that will result in cyanosis except:
Answer
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Transposition of the Great Arteries
  • Patent Ductus Arteriosis
  • Truncus Arteriosus

Question 12

Question
All of the following syndromes involve abnormal tooth development. Which is autosomal dominant?
Answer
  • Treacher Collins syndrome
  • Rickets
  • Pierre Robin
  • Amelogenesis Imperfecta

Question 13

Question
Which of the following describes an abnormality of the digits commonly associated with skeletal dysplasias (especially achondroplasia)?
Answer
  • Adactyly
  • Brachydactyly
  • Polydactyly
  • Syndactyly

Question 14

Question
Which type of skeletal dysplasia is also known as "brittle bone disease"?
Answer
  • Camptomelic dysplasia
  • Chondrodysplasia punctata
  • Achondroplasia
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 15

Question
Which of the following is a risk factor for limb anomalies?
Answer
  • Uncontrolled maternal diabetes
  • Thalidomide exposure during embryonic period
  • Chromosomal aneuploidy
  • All of the above are risk factors for limb anomalies

Question 16

Question
Limb reduction defects range in severity depending on what embryonic age there was disruption of limb formation. Amelia is the most severe.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
Most cases of syndactyly are osseous (involving bone) and include functional appendages/digits with bones, nerve and musculature.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
The recurrence risk for congenital hip dislocation/developmental hip dysplasia is less than 1%.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Minor defects of limbs are relatively common and can be corrected surgically.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
Your skin has both thick and thin components which both contain sweat glands, hair follicles, arrector muscles of hairs, and sebaceous glands.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
The secretory parts of the eccrine and apocrine sweat glands open into the skin and begin to function shortly after birth.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
Hair follicles and glands are derived from the epidermis and grow down into the dermis.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
Males and females have lactiferous ducts as part of the mammary gland.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
Delayed tooth eruption can be a sign of hypothyroidism.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
Babies that are born very prematurely (i.e. before 26 weeks) are not at increased risk for neurological or developmental problems, however they may have fingernails that have not yet reached the tips of their digits and may have cardiovascular complications, such as patent ductus arteriosis.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
Explain the concept of incomplete penetrance[blank_start].[blank_end]
Answer
  • when a trait is present in an affected

Question 27

Question
The [blank_start]___[blank_end] is superficial epithelial tissue derived from surface embryonic ectoderm and the [blank_start]___[blank_end] is a deep layer of dense, irregularly arranged connective tissue derived from mesenchyme.
Answer
  • epidermis
  • dermis

Question 28

Question
[blank_start]___[blank_end] is a fetal adaptation made from exfoliated peridermal cells and secretions from sebaceous glands. [blank_start]___[blank_end] is the fine hairs that cover the surface of fetal skin.
Answer
  • Vernix
  • Lanugo

Question 29

Question
Occulocutaneous albinism is an autosomal [blank_start]___[blank_end] condition. There is a lack of pigment [blank_start]___[blank_end] due to an underlying defect in tyrosinase production. Two clinical features of this syndrome are [blank_start]___[blank_end] and [blank_start]___[blank_end].
Answer
  • recessive
  • melanin
  • light/white skin
  • poor eyesight

Question 30

Question
The hardest tissue in the human body is [blank_start]___[blank_end].
Answer
  • tooth enamel

Question 31

Question
[blank_start]___[blank_end] is a condition characterized by absence of the pectoralis major muscle that results in hypoplastic fused ribs, unilateral absence of breast, nipple, areola, hemivertebrae, syndactyly, brachydactyly, and in some cases dextrocardia.
Answer
  • Poland syndrome

Question 32

Question
Name [blank_start]the[blank_end] 3 body cavities that make up the Intraembronic Coelom during the 2nd month:
Answer
  • pleural, peritoneal, pericardial

Question 33

Question
Two "fruity" signs that are ultrasound findings which may be associated with underlying defects of the nervous system are the [blank_start]____[blank_end] and [blank_start]____[blank_end] signs. Their presence may be associated with other anomalies including congenital clubfoot and clenched fists.
Answer
  • banana
  • lemon

Question 34

Question
A [blank_start]____[blank_end] is a type of lymphatic angioma that may be associated with chromosomal aneuploidy and poor pregnancy outcome.
Answer
  • cystic hygroma

Question 35

Question
For each of the following teratogenic substances, list a potential consequence/fetal anomaly. Primary rubella infection[blank_start],[blank_end] tetracycline exposure[blank_start],[blank_end] high maternal blood sugar levels[blank_start],[blank_end] thalidomide[blank_start],[blank_end] primary zika infection[blank_start],[blank_end] carbamazepin[blank_start]e[blank_end]
Answer
  • cataracts
  • stained teeth
  • congental heart defects
  • limb defects
  • microcephaly
  • neural tube defects

Question 36

Question
A type of lower limb defect known technically as congenital vertical talus is also a feature of trisomy 18[blank_start].[blank_end]
Answer
  • polythelia
  • congenital clubfoot
  • gynecomastia
  • ectrodactyly
  • Sturge-weber syndrome
  • polymastia
  • rocker bottom foot
  • pyelectasis

Question 37

Question
A type of upper limb defect caused by a defect of the digital rays to form a central digit or digits[blank_start].[blank_end]
Answer
  • polythelia
  • congenital clubfoot
  • gynecomastia
  • ectrodactyly
  • Sturge-weber syndrome
  • polymastia
  • rocker bottom foot
  • pyelectasis

Question 38

Question
The most common musculoskeletal deformation, also associated with some neural tube defects[blank_start].[blank_end]
Answer
  • polythelia
  • congenital clubfoot
  • gynecomastia
  • ectrodactyly
  • Sturge-weber syndrome
  • polymastia
  • rocker bottom foot
  • pyelectasis

Question 39

Question
A condition involving a hemifacial hemangioma (port-wine stain) and possibly an underlying angioma in the meninges of the brain that causes seizures[blank_start].[blank_end]
Answer
  • polythelia
  • congenital clubfoot
  • gynecomastia
  • ectrodactyly
  • Sturge-weber syndrome
  • polymastia
  • rocker bottom foot
  • pyelectasis

Question 40

Question
Enlargement of male breast tissue, often associated with Klinefelter syndrome[blank_start].[blank_end]
Answer
  • polythelia
  • congenital clubfoot
  • gynecomastia
  • ectrodactyly
  • Sturge-weber syndrome
  • polymastia
  • rocker bottom foot
  • pyelectasis

Question 41

Question
The karyotype for Klinefelter syndrome[blank_start].[blank_end]
Answer
  • 47, XXY

Question 42

Question
The term that describes supernumerary nipples[blank_start].[blank_end]
Answer
  • polythelia
  • congenital clubfoot
  • gynecomastia
  • ectrodactyly
  • Sturge-weber syndrome
  • polymastia
  • rocker bottom foot
  • pyelectasis

Question 43

Question
This soft marker is characterized by a dilated renal pelvis easily detectable by prenatal ultrasound. It is seen in about 25% of fetuses that have Down syndrome[blank_start].[blank_end]
Answer
  • polythelia
  • congenital clubfoot
  • gynecomastia
  • ectrodactyly
  • Sturge-weber sydrome
  • polymastia
  • rocker bottom foot
  • pyelectasis
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