Session 1 - Body Fluid Compartments

Why does isobutene not dissolve in water?

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the phospholipid bilayer membrane?

Which of the following can readily pass through the phospholipid bilayer?

Which of the following helps to stabilize the lipid portion of the membrane?

Which of the following are the correct components to an average human's total body water (TBW)?

Evans blue dye is a tracer that binds to albumin. Using the dilution principle, which fluid compartments could we estimate the size of using Evans blue dye if we also know the the volume of the body's extracellular fluid? (Select all that apply)

200 mg mannitol (a tracer that is non-metabolized and easily crosses the blood capillary wall, but not the cell membrane) is given intravenously to a 60 kg woman. A blood draw 6 hours later shows a plasma mannitol concentration of 0.015 mg/mL. What is the volume of this woman's ECF?

To determine total blood volume, you need the plasma volume and _________.

Nitric oxide is a small, uncharged compound. Which of the following is the most likely way this compound will enter a cell?

Glucose transporters have a specific site for glucose and transport glucose into the cell if the concentration of glucose in the ISF if greater than in the intracellular fluid. This is an example of _________.

Active transporters transport solutes into the cell _________ an electrochemical gradient and require __________.

For every hydrolyzed ATP molecule, ____________ are pumped out of the cell and ____________ are pumped into the cell with the sodium-potassium pump.

How does the sodium-potassium pump regulate normal cell volume and pressure?

Neutral amino acids are taken up in many cells by secondary active transport. The transporter involved transports Na+ down its electrochemical gradient into the cytosol, and the energy released by this _______ transport is used to transport the amino acid into the cell _________ a concentration gradient.

There are two types of secondary active transport, cotransport and countertransport. Which of the following are correct examples of cotransport? (Select all that apply)

Osmosis results in a(n) ________ in total volume in the compartment with the initially more concentrated solutes and a(n) _________ in total volume in the other compartment.

What is the osmolarity of 1 mmole of NaCl in aqueous solution?

What is the osmolarity of all body fluids?

A red blood cell has an osmolarity of 290 mOsm/L. You drop the red blood cell into a hypotonic solution of 50 mM NaCl (100 mOsm/L). What would you expect to occur?

You have a patient suffering from dehydration. She has a severe headache, has had a syncopal episode, and her blood pressure is 84/54. She is unable to tolerate oral water. Which of the following is an appropriate treatment?

You have a patient who is considering running a marathon in January in Ohio. Which of the following would you recommend to avoid hyponatremia?

Which of the following molecules is hydrophobic?

Why can't albumin cross the lipid bilayer membrane?

Which of the following organs might be key to maintaining proper fluid compartment volumes? (Select all that apply)

Diabetic patients take insulin to reduce high blood glucose levels. If glucose levels then fall too low, which transporter would be the first to stop transporting glucose into the cells?

Compartments X and Y are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Which of the following diagrams best illustrates the level of the solutions at equilibrium when X is 100 mM NaCl and Y is pure water?

One healthy red blood cell (RBC) is dropped into a very large container filled with 50 mM NaCl and 100 mM CaCl2. Which of the following best illustrates the volume of the RBC at equilibrium?