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2020 cycle 1 final corrective

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cycle 1 Physiology Quiz on 2020 cycle 1 final corrective, created by Elisabeth Haasen on 10/11/2021.
Elisabeth Haasen
Quiz by Elisabeth Haasen, updated more than 1 year ago
Elisabeth Haasen
Created by Elisabeth Haasen about 3 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Which of following statements properly describe characteristics of facilitated diffusion?
Answer
  • In facilitated diffusion, membrane carriers enable movement of molecules through the cellular membrane against concentration gradient
  • Particular membrane carrier is able to transfer one particular type of molecules soluble in water
  • Facilitated diffusion characterizes with finite rate of transfer of substance defined as maximum saturation
  • Water molecules pass from the cell of the collecting duct to its lumen through the system of facilitated diffusion called AQP2

Question 2

Question
Which of the following statements properly describe agglutination:
Answer
  • Administration of aspirin slows the process of agglutination
  • Agglutination is in vitro phenomenon resulting from an interaction between the agglutinogen and agglutinin
  • Gamma globulins of IgM class easily agglutinate erythrocytes in room temperature
  • Agglutination is slowed by albumin molecules

Question 3

Question
3. Which of following statement concerning active transport are true?
Answer
  • Na/K ATP-ase exchanges 2 sodium ions for 1 potassium ion. Each such exchange requires two ATP molecules
  • Co-transportation of glucose and sodium ions requires previous action of Na/K ATP-ase. Such the mechanism is an example of secondary active transport
  • Calcium ions are actively pumped into cellular cytosol by the calcium ATP-ase. This mechanism maintains higher concentration of calcium in cellular cytosol than in ECF
  • Active transport mechanisms are able to move substances against concentration gradient

Question 4

Question
4. Which of following statements properly describes beta-adrenergic receptors?
Answer
  • B-adrenergic receptor is a ligand-gated channels
  • Actively of some adrenergic receptors brings EPSP to the postsynaptic membranes
  • Beta-adrenergic receptors initiate transduction resulting with activation of adenylate cyclase
  • Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors up-regulates synthesis of cAMP

Question 5

Question
Which of following statements concerning thromboxane A2 (TxA2) are true?
Answer
  • It activates fibrinolysis
  • TxA2 activates platelets- it intensifies their degranulation (release of the content of granules).
  • It prevents aggregation of platelets
  • It mediates vascular contraction

Question 6

Question
Which of following statements properly concern eosinophils?
Answer
  • They migrate in large number into tissues infected by parasites where they release hydrolytic enzymes
  • They release heparin, histamine as well as small quantities of bradykinin and serotonin
  • They belong to the adaptive immune system. They are not able to phagocyte
  • They aggregate in tissues where allergic reactions occur, (peribronchial tissue in people with asthma).
  • They exhibit chemotaxis

Question 7

Question
Which of following statements concern G-protein coupled receptors?
Answer
  • G-protein coupled receptors hydrolyses GTP, transferred from G-protein to the binding site of the receptor
  • Muscarinic receptor is an example of G-protein coupled receptor
  • All adrenergic receptors belong to family of G-protein coupled receptors
  • G-protein coupled receptors are metabotropic, they initiate formation of second messengers: cAMP or IP3

Question 8

Question
Actions of Heparin are:
Answer
  • it inhibits activity of plasma coagulation factors I and IV.
  • it activates natural anticoagulant protein of plasma- antithrombin III
  • it inhibits activity of activated Stuart factor and thrombin (factors X and II)
  • It intensifies adhesion and degranulation of platelets
  • It intensifies proteolytic degradation of plasminogen

Question 9

Question
Which of following receptors are ionotropic receptor for cations?
Answer
  • IP3 receptor
  • Ryanodine receptor
  • Glycine receptors
  • GABAA receptor
  • Nicotinic receptor

Question 10

Question
10. Put following cations of the extracellular fluid ECF in proper order; Being from the most concentrated; Select one;
Answer
  • Magnesium-sodium-calcium
  • Potassium-sodium-calcium-magnesium
  • Potassium-calcium-magnesium-sodium
  • Sodium- potassium-calcium-magnesium
  • Sodium -calcium- potassium- magnesium

Question 11

Question
Which of following sentences are true?
Answer
  • immunoglobulins against antigen D of Rhesus system develop in childhood
  • Immediately after birth the quantify of agglutins in the plasma of the newborn is almost zero
  • Immunoglobulins against ABO blood type is produced by the fetus before their birth
  • Agglutinins in ABO system are produced in effect of immunization against antigens A and B commonly present in environment

Question 12

Question
Muraminidase: = Lysozyme
Answer
  • it is a part of innate immune response
  • It activates complement cascade
  • It is an enzyme that performs bacterial lysis
  • It is present in plasmocytes

Question 13

Question
Find right sentences concerning transportation of CO2 in blood;
Answer
  • 5-7% of all the CO2 is transported physically dissolved in blood
  • 50% of C02 is converted to bicarbonate. Process is catalyzed angiotensin converting enzyme.
  • All the bicarbonate produced in erythrocytes and exchanged for chloride. It is called Hamburger’s phenomenon.
  • Part of CO2 is reversibly bound to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin

Question 14

Question
In Rhesus system of blood;
Answer
  • D antigen the oligosaccharide bound to the cellular membrane
  • D antigen is the most immunogenic (the strongest component of the system
  • All antigens of the Rhesus system are proteins located only on membranes of erythrocytes
  • Agglutinins are synthesized in RhD-negative individuals after exposure to RhD- positive blood

Question 15

Question
Which of following events DO NOT match the signal transduction of G protein coupled receptor.
Answer
  • Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues of B-subunit of the receptor B-subunit phosphorylates other proteins
  • Binding of the ligand to its native receptor, receptor activates
  • Receptor interacts with G protein to promote a conformational change and the exchange of GDP to GTP
  • Subunits of G protein interact with their appropriate enzymes, activating various second messenger pathways and other effector proteins

Question 16

Question
16. Which of following results of blood tests may suggest improperly low activity/ concentration of thrombin?
Answer
  • prolonged time of the clotting time test
  • prolonged prothrombin time
  • prolonged time of bleeding time test
  • prolonged time of Rumpel-Leede test

Question 17

Question
Oxytocin
Answer
  • it produces contraction of cells of the deferent duct
  • it upregulates synthesis IP3 in smooth muscle cells of the uterus
  • It is responsible for milk ejection due to contraction of myoepithelial cells
  • It has galactopoietic activity- it stimulates production of milk

Question 18

Question
Action of glucocorticoids (cortisol) are;
Answer
  • rise of liberation of histamine from mast cells
  • rise of gluconeogenesis
  • rise of plasma concentration free fatty acids
  • intensification of catecholamine dependant bronchodilation

Question 19

Question
Which of following statements concerning coagulation are proper:
Answer
  • Thrombin dependent factors are factors I, II, X and XII
  • Thrombin is a proteolytic enzyme catalyzing conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin.
  • Vitamin K is necessary in process of post-translatory modification of prothrombin in liver.
  • Exposition of thrombin to fibrin degradation products accelerate coagulation

Question 20

Question
Hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the left due to: left = increased affinity
Answer
  • Decline of the temperature.
  • Rise of 2,3 BPG.
  • Impulses from carotid bodies.
  • Rise of pH.
  • Hypercapnia (rise of pCO2)

Question 21

Question
Actions of heparin are:
Answer
  • It inhibits activity of plasma coagulation factors I and IV.
  • It activates natural anticoagulant protein of plasma – antithrombin III.
  • It inhibits activity of activated Stuart factor and thrombin (factors X and II).
  • It intensifies adhesion and degranulation of platelets.
  • It intensifies proteolytic degradation of plasminogen.

Question 22

Question
Find true statements concerning vasopressin:
Answer
  • It increase water reabsorption from the collecting duct via AQP2 up-regulated after hormone binds to VP1 receptor
  • In smooth musculature of vessels, it up-regulates synthesis of IP3 in smooth muscle cells, eliciting contraction.
  • It’s plasma level rises in effect of decreasing osmotic pressure of blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Decompression of baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and aortic arch increases liberation of that hormone.
  • It inhibits complex of thirst.

Question 23

Question
Which of following sentences are true?
Answer
  • 5-7 % of all the CO2 is transported physically dissolved in blood.
  • 40 % of CO2 is converted to bicarbonate. Process is catalyzed carbonic anhydrase
  • Part of CO2 is reversibly bound to hemoglobin, such a molecule is called carbaminohemoglobin.-
  • All the bicarbonate produced in erythrocytes is exchanged for phosphate. It’s called Hamburger’s phenomenon

Question 24

Question
Which of following statements properly describe characteristics of facilitated diffusion?
Answer
  • in facilitated diffusion, membrane carriers enable movement of molecules through the cellular membrane against concentration gradient
  • Particular membrane carrier is able to transfer one particular type of molecules soluble in water.
  • Facilitated diffusion characterizes with finite rate of transfer of substance defined as maximum saturation.
  • Water molecules pass from the cell of the collecting duct to its lumen through the system of facilitated diffusion called AQP2

Question 25

Question
Lactoferrin:
Answer
  • It is a part of innate immune response.
  • It activates complement cascade.
  • It is an enzyme of saliva binding iron necessary for proliferation of microbs.
  • It is an enzyme of saliva reducing Fe2+ toFe3+.

Question 26

Question
Which of following receptors are intracellular ionotropic receptor for cations?
Answer
  • P3 receptor.
  • Ryanodine receptor.
  • Glycine receptors.
  • GABAA receptor
  • Nicotinic receptors.

Question 27

Question
Action of glucocorticoids (cortisol) are:
Answer
  • It up-regulates liberation of histamine from mast cells.
  • It intensifies gluconeogenesis in liver.
  • It down-regulates number of lymphocytes and eosinophils.
  • It intensifies catecholamine-dependent bronchoconstriction
  • It increases GFR

Question 28

Question
Which of following statements properly describes beta-adrenergic (β-adrenergic) receptors?
Answer
  • β-adrenergic receptor is a ligand-gated channels.
  • Activity of some adrenergic receptors brings fEPSP to the postsynaptic membranes.
  • Beta-adrenergic receptors initiate transduction resulting with activation of adenylate cyclase.
  • Activation of beta -adrenergic receptors up-regulates synthesis of cAMP.

Question 29

Question
Put following cations of the extracellular fluid (ECF) in proper order. Begin from the least concentrated:
Answer
  • Sodium-potassium-calcium- magnesium
  • Sodium- calcium - potassium - magnesium
  • Potassium-sodium-calcium- magnesium
  • Magnesium-calcium-potassium-sodium
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