HORMONES 2

HORMONES 2

PANCREAS, PINEAL AND THYMUS
PANCREAS - Consists of 2 different tissues
1. EXOCRINE TISSUE and associated ducts
2. Produce an alkaline fluid with digestive enzymes
3. delivered to small intestines to aid digestion
4. Endocrine cells secrete INSULIN AND GLUCAGON
5. Endocrine portion of pancreas - ISLETS OF LANGERHANS
  1. 3 Major cell types -
    1. Alpha Cells - secrete Glucagon
    2. Beta cells - secrete Insulin
    3. Delta cells - secrete somatostatin
INSULIN AND GLUCAGON - regulators of blood glucose
TYPE I/INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES
1. Deficiency of insulin - destruction of PANCREATIC B-CELLS
  1. Due to AUTOIMMUNITY
INCREASED in glucose levels stimulates the release of INSULIN
1. Insulin acts on cells to stimulate uptake, utilize and storage of Glucose
TYPE II/NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES
1. Deficiency of insulin -changes of INSULIN RECEPTORS on cells
  1. Blood Glucose levels become high as the cells do not receive signal
Insulin acts on LIVER to take up GLUCOSE from blood and store as GLYCOGEN
1. Acts on fat(adipose) to stimulate the uptake of glucose and convert to fat
THE PINEAL GLAND - Consist of a portion of neurones, neurological cells
1. Specialised secretory cells-PINEALOCYTES
  1. They synthesize MELATONIN and secrete it directly into CBF
    1. MELATONIN affects reproductive development and daily physiological cycles
      1. Synthesise and secretion directly affected by light exposure
THE THYMUS
1. Grows during childhood - decreases in size after puberty
  1. Secretes hormone thymosins
    1. They stimulate development and differentiation of T-Lymphocytes
SERETONIN - Platelets, homeostasis, intestinal secretion and contraction
1. GASTRO INTESTINAL HORMONES - Gastrin
HISTAMINE- Mast cell/basophils part of the inflammatory process
PROSTAGLANDINS - Inflammation, clotting, pain production, bp and heart rate
ERYTHROPOIETIN - ERYTHROPOEISIS

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