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PHSI3011 12-2 Comparative Physiology and Thermal #2

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PHSI3011 12-2 Comparative Physiology and Thermal Physiology #2
Michael Jardine
Quiz by Michael Jardine, updated more than 1 year ago
Michael Jardine
Created by Michael Jardine about 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is Tb? (just imagine the "b" is subscript) [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Answer
  • Body Temperature

Question 2

Question
What is Ta? (just imagine the "a" is subscript) [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Answer
  • Ambient Temperature

Question 3

Question
"Homeotherm" means:
Answer
  • "one body temperature"
  • Homeoerotically "hot"
  • Self-heating

Question 4

Question
Tb varies with circadian rhythm by up to 1 degree. When is it lowest and highest? (again, imagine the "b" is subscript)
Answer
  • 3-6am lowest; 3-6pm highest
  • 3-6am highest; 3-6pm lowest
  • 12-3am lowest; 12-3pm highest
  • 12-3am highest; 12-3pm lowest

Question 5

Question
Tb varies with the menstrual cycle, usually increasing ~0.5-1°C during the: (again, imagine the "b" is subscript)
Answer
  • Post-ovulatory phase
  • Post-menstrual phase
  • Follicular phase
  • Post-follicular phase

Question 6

Question
Babies are less able to maintain Tb. Why? (just imagine the "b" is subscript) (select all that apply)
Answer
  • Don’t readily shiver or sweat
  • High surface-mass ratio
  • They’re dumb

Question 7

Question
During a fever (or exercise), the normal Tb is: (just imagine the "b" is subscript)
Answer
  • 34-36°C
  • 36-38°C
  • 38-40°C
  • 40-42°C

Question 8

Question
True or false: Old people also have less effective regulation, due in part to their reduced ability to dissipate heat. One reason for this is sweat gland atrophy.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
True or false: Old people also have less effective regulation, due in part to their reduced ability to generate heat. One reason for this is sweat gland atrophy.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
E = G + T*S E = [blank_start]___[blank_end] G = [blank_start]___[blank_end] T = [blank_start]___[blank_end] S = [blank_start]___[blank_end]
Answer
  • Total internal energy
  • Energy emitted from a system
  • disposable ("Good") energy
  • energy Gained by a system
  • absolute Temperature
  • Thermodynamic energy within a system
  • Temperature increase
  • entropy
  • total energy within a System

Question 11

Question
True or false: an Endotherm is an organism that can generate its own heat.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
True or false: Metabolism is defined as all the chemical processes involved in energy production, energy release, and growth.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
Anabolic vs Catabolic:
Answer
  • Anabolic = FORMATION of substances
  • Anabolic = BREAKDOWN of substances
  • Catabolic = FORMATION of substances
  • Catabolic = BREAKDOWN of substances

Question 14

Question
Metabolic Rate (MR) = the rate at which energy is consumed during: (select all that apply)
Answer
  • internal work
  • external work
  • energy expenditure / unit of time
  • energy expenditure (independent of a unit of time)

Question 15

Question
BMR vs RMR The difference between BASAL metabolic rate and RESTING metabolic rate is:
Answer
  • Both are idling, but Basal is during minimal part of the day
  • Both are idling, but Resting is during minimal part of the day

Question 16

Question
Metabolic Rate (MR) depends on: (select all that apply)
Answer
  • Muscle activity (voluntary)
  • Muscle activity (involuntary)
  • Certain hormones
  • A rise in tissue temperature itself

Question 17

Question
Hormones that can influence Metabolic Rate (MR) include Thyroxine and Adrenaline. What effect can they have?
Answer
  • Adrenaline increases MR; Thyroxine decreases MR.
  • Adrenaline decreases MR; Thyroxine increases MR.
  • Both DECREASE MR.
  • Both INCREASE MR.

Question 18

Question
Under resting conditions, the rate of heat production is:
Answer
  • ~80 kcal/h
  • ~400-600 kcal/h
  • ~80-120 kcal/h
  • ~120-160 kcal/h
  • ~800 kcal/h

Question 19

Question
During a fast walk or jog, Metabolic Rate (MR) is increased to 400-600 kcal/h. In the absence of compensatory heat loss (sweating etc), this extra thermal load would increase Body Temperature by how much?
Answer
  • 1°C every 8-10 minutes
  • 1°C every minute
  • 1°C every hour
  • 1°C every 10-20 minutes
  • 1°C every 1-2 hours

Question 20

Question
The most common method to measure metabolic rate is:
Answer
  • Indirect calorimetry
  • Guesswork?

Question 21

Question
Animals including the stripe-faced dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura) are heterothermic. Heterotherms are:
Answer
  • Able to maintain homeothermic thermoregulation, but sometimes can enter torpor.
  • Animals which maintain thermoregulation collectively.

Question 22

Question
Torpor vs Hibernation. What's the difference?
Answer
  • Torpor lasts less than a day; Hibernation lasts longer than a day.
  • Torpor lasts less than a day; Hibernation is a multiday series of torpor bouts.

Question 23

Question
Torpor and hibernation use are found in which groups: (select all that apply)
Answer
  • Artiodactyls (even toed ungulates - e.g. sheep, cattle, pigs, camels, goats)
  • Certiodactyls (marine mammals - e.g. whales, dolphins, porpoises)
  • Perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates - e.g. horses, rhinoceroses)
  • Monotremes (e.g. echidnas)
  • Marsupials (e.g. pygmy possums)
  • Primates (e.g. Antivaxxers)
  • Insectivores (Eulipotypla: European shrews and hedgehogs; Afrotheria: tenrecs and elephant shrews)
  • Carnivores (badgers and bears)
  • Rodents (e.g. ground squirrels and hamsters)
  • Bats

Question 24

Question
Are there Aussie birds which hibernate?
Answer
  • Yeah
  • Nah

Question 25

Question
"Super-hibernator": This is fucking awesome - the arctic ground squirrel hibernates at body temperatures of ~0°C! around the lips is at (or slightly above) zero, while some other parts (including colon) get BELOW 0°C. Yeah, this is true. So cool, though (geddit?? ...sigh).
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
Current view of the efferent mechanisms of thermoregulation. Label the three appropriate areas.
Image:
12 2 L22 Slide 8 1 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Hypothalamic preoptic area
  • Dorsomedial hypothalamus
  • Raphe nuclei in medulla oblongata
  • Hypothalamic preoptic area
  • Dorsomedial hypothalamus
  • Raphe nuclei in medulla oblongata
  • Hypothalamic preoptic area
  • Dorsomedial hypothalamus
  • Raphe nuclei in medulla oblongata

Question 27

Question
True or false: Brown Fat / Brown Adipose Tissue (“BAT”) can induce non-shivering thermogenesis in the absence of muscle stimulus.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
During cold exposure, [blank_start]__________[blank_end] [blank_start]__________[blank_end] release activates BAT by stimulation of lipolysis and “futile” UCP1-dependent mitochondrial respiration.
Answer
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
  • Norepinephrine (/noradrenaline)
  • Epinephrine (/adrenaline)

Question 29

Question
True or false: UCP1 is found in significant levels in the cortex of non-torpor mammals.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
UCP1 is: [blank_start]_____[blank_end] [blank_start]_____[blank_end] [blank_start]_____[blank_end] 1
Answer
  • Un-
  • Universal
  • Progenitor
  • Protein
  • Coupling
  • Cold-sensitive
  • Climate-sensitive

Question 31

Question
Which of the 4 ways of heat loss is the most physiologically significant (under normal conditions)?
Answer
  • Radiation
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Evaporation

Question 32

Question
Hot flushes usually last how long?
Answer
  • 1-5 min
  • 5-10 min
  • 10-15 min
  • 15-30 min
  • 30-60 min

Question 33

Question
Hot flushes are believed to occur because of:
Answer
  • Oestrogen withdrawal
  • Progesterone withdrawal
  • Changes in the uterine epithelium
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