Microscopes Cells and organelles

Water Macromolecules and polymers Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Globular proteins Fibrous proteins Biochemical tests for molecules Chromatography

Nucleotides Polynucleotides and DNA Genes and protein synthesis

Action of enzymes Factors affecting enzyme activity Cofactors Enzyme inhibition

Cell membranes Factors affecting permeability/structure Cell membranes and signalling Passive transport mechanisms Active transport mechanisms

The cell cycle and mitosis Sexual reproduction and meiosis Specialised cells Tissues, organs and systems Stem cells and differentiation