Samantha Dunaway and Carleigh Mesnard

Annotations:

• Use the Note Area to cite sources of information you found. Click the upper right corner of the box to make the note pad appear, then type.

1. Level 2: Sources Before 2010. In the bubbles below, record the main idea of each of the five articles we read for the discussion posts. Use dates in APA style.
   1. The Wellesely College(1992) article is mainly about women who have 5+ years of college will receive about $0.69 for every $1.00 a man makes and families headed by women are in danger of poverty, especially if the woman does not have a high school diploma.

      Annotations:

      • Wellesley College., & American Association of University Women. (1992). How schools shortchange girls: The AAUW report : a study of major findings on girls and education. Washington, DC: AAUW Educational Foundation
   2. The Green(1972) article focuses mainly on the idea that teachers need to not only identify the students as people, but also need to act upon their visions. It also talks about how girls and boys respond differently to different types of achievement motivation.

      Annotations:

      • Note the citation here - it is APA style.  The author's last name and the date of the article/book.  Then at the end, you would have a list of references in APA style that would include the name of the article/book - like what most of you did for your biography project.
      • Greene, M. (1978). Landscapes of learning. New York: Teachers College Press
   3. The Mead(2008) article, overall, talked about how verbal skills are imperative to success, and girls are better at that than boys. It also focused on how 99% of colleges do not offer future teachers a course on biological differences between how boys and girls learn and the idea that female teachers teach in a way that connects better with girls.

      Annotations:

      • Mead, Sara. The Problem With Gender-Based Education. New American Foundation. The Early Ed Watch Blog, 3 March 2008. Web. 2 April 2014. <http://www.newamerica.net/blog/early-ed-watch/2008/problem-gender-based-education-2517>;;
   4. The article Boys are Struggling(2004) is mainly about how boys are achieving more than in the past, but so are the girls. Also the girls are doing so at a higher rate. Although boys are more likely to be held back, expelled, suspended, or drop out of school. There is an increased number of boys in college, but the girls have increased more.

      Annotations:

      • Whitmire(2004)
   5. The other Mead(2006) article talks about how if any changes should be made, it should be adjusting classes to multi-aged classes with students who are developmentally similar. And the idea that a lot of “brain research” is a long way from being about to support applications in education.

      Annotations:

      • Mead, Sara. "The Truth about Boys and Girls."The Evidence Suggests Otherwise (2006): n, pag. Web. 2 April 2014. <http://www.cpec.ca.gov/CompleteReports/ExternalDocuments/ESO_BoysAndGirls.pdf>
2. Level 2: Sources After 2010. Choose 5 of the 8 new articles I provided, or search the web for others. Any combination is also fine. In the bubbles below, record the main idea of each.
   1. The Heitin(2014) article describes the ways in which science teachers tend to overlook girls. They speak more to boys during class and give more positive attributes to them. Girls are described as feeling more stress and anxiety about science and math classes than boys.

      Annotations:

      • Heitin, March 27, 2014
   2. The Robelen(2013) article states the reading and math gaps that are present in both boys and girls, and how these gaps compare to those in other countries that were examined in addition to the U.S. It was shown that reading gaps were most pronounced at the lowest levels of students, and the average score in science subjects was lower for girls than boys. Also, the math and science gaps for U.S. students were among the largest out of all countries that were tested.

      Annotations:

      • Robelen, March 15, 2013
   3. The other Robelen(2013) article looked at the levels of anxiety experienced by students during test time; and in real-time anxiety levels were surprisingly about the same for both boys and girls. It was suggested that a solution to the way girls feel about math and science subjects may be simply changing the popular stereotype that girls are more anxious about the subject than boys are.

      Annotations:

      • Robelen, August 30, 2013
   4. The Adams(2013) article examined why it seems that more women are attending college than men; and it is important to note that this statistic is true. The study looked at the types of high schools students attended, and the appearance of girls attending high schools that are more academically challenging seems to affect the higher number of them that enroll in college.

      Annotations:

      • Adams, October 31, 2013
   5. The Brenneman(2013) article describes the ways in which behavior affects assessment, and how those assessments are heavily dependent on the teachers' perceptions. It compared gender differences in both Asian and American students.

      Annotations:

      • Brenneman, June 14, 2013
3. Level 1: At least three connections go in bubbles on this level. What have you found to remain the same throughout both time periods (before 2010 and after 2010) concerning girls' and boys' ed? Write these connections in boxes/bubbles on this level.

   Annotations:

   • Here is where you show evidence of your thinking. Connect the pieces about boys and girls' education that you have found to be the same in sources before 2010 (which we read for the discussions) and in sources you found dated after 2010.
   1. Both the Heitin(2014) article and the Mead(2008) article talk about the favoring of either boys and girls by female teachers based on whichever gender they can relate to best.
   2. The Wellesely(1982) College article talks about how schools "short change girls" because the needs are girls are not being met in school and the Heitin(2014) article falls under this same belief that girls are being overlooked in the classes of math and science.

      Annotations:

      • Wellesely(1982)
   3. Both Adams(2013) and Mead(2008) highlight the high levels of girls that are attending college. Though Mead mainly looks at how an increasing amount of boys are enrolling in college, she still mentions that girls are attending at a higher level, which connects to Adams point that a higher percentage of women are attending college than men.

      Annotations:

      • Adams, October 31, 2013 Mead, June 2006
4. Level 3: What differences in the updated information did you find? Compare articles dated after 2010 to those dated before 2010. Record at least three.
   1. The Heitin(2014) article focuses on the importance of science and math for the success of students while the Mead(2008) article focuses on the importance of communication skills for success. Because it is said that boys are better at science and math and girls are better at communication, boys were successful in the Heitin article and girls were successful in the Mead article.
   2. In the article Boys are Struggling(2004) it suggests that boys are falling way behind girls in important subjects while the Heitin(2014) article suggests that boys are doing better in important subjects because they are anxious about these subjects the way that girls are.
   3. The Adams(2013) article states that more women are attending college than men and although the Mead(2006) article would not disagree with this statement, they differ in that the Mead (2006) article suggests that both boys and girls are achieving more and going to college, girls are just doing so at a higher rate. It is not that boys are not achieving it is that a larger number of girls are doing so faster.
   4. Level 4: Look at sources dated after 2010 that your group found for this week's discussion posts. On this level, show at least two likenesses (to the right) and two differences(to the left) you found as you studied these and ANY other works we have studied in the course. Cite your findings.
      1. The article we found titled "Girls Soar in Science, Yet Why Still So Few Women in The Lab" discusses the domination of boys in science and math which is similar to the Robelen article about math anxiety. Both articles highlight the struggles for girls in these subjects as compared to boys.

         Annotations:

         • Robelen(2013) Donald(2014)
         1. Another similarity we made is between the Heitin article and the article titled "Dealing with Gender Inequality at Your Child's School". In both articles, the main focus is on how teachers overlook girls in the classroom and focus more on boys when it comes to subjects that are important.

            Annotations:

            • Heitin(2014) Hartwick(no date)
      2. In the article titled "Girls Soar in Science, Yet Why Still So Few Women in The Lab" the focus is on the difference between boys and girls in science and math success and in the other Robelen article, it shows that the gaps are present in both boys and girls. Therefore the issue is not just in one gender but both when it comes to meeting a lower standard in these subjects.

         Annotations:

         • Robelen(2013)
         1. In "Dealing with Gender Inequality at Your Child's School", the article talks about how girls are overlooked because teachers are more interested in boys and their success. Which is interesting because the Adams article shows a study that says that women are more successful in college
      3. Level 5: What conclusion(s) have you drawn about girls and boys' education as a result of synthesizing all you have read for this assignment?
         1. I am glad to know that there is a substantial amount of research backing up a claim that I have felt was true my entire school career, that boys often excel, or at least have more confidence to excel, on math and science.

            Annotations:

            • http://www.hereiswhereifound.com.  A notation needs to be on each of your bubbles in this area - support what you believe!  For example, you could refer to something in "Savage Inequalities", in which case you would write: (Kozol, 1991)
            1. The article by Heitin that discussed the high levels of anxiety that girls feel in these classes rang true in my opinion, as I have always felt more anxious in these classes.

               Annotations:

               • Heitin, 2014
               1. Because of stereotypes present in our society which bleed into our schools, the feelings that girls are being reported to have in science and math that affect their performance is accurate.
         2. The Green(1972) article, was one a significant article for me(Samantha) because I felt that it is rooted in similar education philosophies that I hold. It is one of the only articles that did not place boys and girls into a predisposed mold. It encouraged teachers to look at students beyond stereotypes and see them individually for who they are.

            Annotations:

            • Green(1972)
            1. Teachers need to not only identify the students as people, but also need to act upon their visions.
            2. Teachers need to not be single-minded, but they need to take into account multiple realities.