Copy and Edit

Cell Physiology and General Physiology of Excitable Tissues- Physiology PMU 2nd Year

Description

Cell Physiology and General Physiology of Excitable Tissues- Physiology PMU 2nd Year
Med Student
Quiz by Med Student , updated more than 1 year ago
Med Student
Created by Med Student about 8 years ago
2727
37
0

Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Hormones:
Answer
  • are chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the blood stream
  • may be secreted by endocrine glands
  • may be secreted by nerve cells
  • act only on target cells
  • all of the above

Question 2

Question
For an action potential to occur
Answer
  • the stimulus must reach or exceed threshold
  • K+ influx must exceed Na+ efflux
  • The cell membrane must be out of the relative refractory period
  • The cell membrane must be in absolutely refractory period
  • Cl- influx must exceed K+ efflux

Question 3

Question
During the rising phase of the action potential
Answer
  • voltage-gated Na+ channels open
  • voltage-gated K+ channels open
  • voltage-gated Na+ channels close
  • voltage-gated K+ channels close
  • voltage-gated Cl- channels apex

Question 4

Question
The concept of homeostasis
Answer
  • refers to the unwavering control of a physiological set point
  • refers to maintaining physiological functions in a stable condition
  • refers only to the regulation of body temperature
  • refers to maintaining a stable external environment
  • refers to the 'all-or-one' law

Question 5

Question
The plasma membrane
Answer
  • is permeable to lipophilic molecules
  • may contain proteins, which confer iron permeability
  • may burst in hypotonic extracellular solutions
  • can generate action potentials in excitable cells
  • all of the above

Question 6

Question
Overcooling the nerve will cause
Answer
  • decrease of the threshold
  • increase of the liability
  • increase of the excitability
  • increase of the threshold
  • increased release of neurotransmitters

Question 7

Question
The properties of local response:
Answer
  • 'all-or-none’ law
  • transmission with energy consumption
  • without energy consumption
  • summation
  • excitability is decreased

Question 8

Question
A “less negative" membrane potential means:
Answer
  • it is “more positive” than the resting potential
  • it is closer to zero mV
  • the resting membrane potential is closer to the sodium equilibrium
  • slight depolarization
  • all of the above

Question 9

Question
The membrane of a typical resting neuron is largely impermeable to
Answer
  • Na+
  • K+
  • Cl-
  • Ca2+
  • none of the above

Question 10

Question
The ion with the lowest intracellular concentration is:
Answer
  • Na+
  • HCO3
  • Ca2+
  • Mg2+
  • K+

Question 11

Question
The most common intracellular cation is:
Answer
  • calcium
  • sodium
  • potassium
  • phosphorus
  • magnesium

Question 12

Question
What is the normal pH value of body fluid?
Answer
  • 7.15-7.25
  • 7.35-7.45
  • 7.55-7.65
  • 7.00-7.35
  • 6.5-7.5

Question 13

Question
Which of the following requires energy?
Answer
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Active transport
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Filtration

Question 14

Question
Which of the following is not found in the cell membrane?
Answer
  • Cholestrol
  • Phospholipids
  • Proteins
  • Galactose
  • Nucleic acids

Question 15

Question
The local response is:
Answer
  • A potential that is generated as a result of the action of a subthreshold stimulus and propagated along the nerve cell membrane
  • A potential that is generated as a result of the action of a superthreshold stimulus and propagated along the nerve cell membrane
  • A potential that is generated as a result of the action of a subthreshold stimulus and could be registered only at the site of irritation
  • A potential that is generated on the postsynaptic membrane as a result of the action of a mediator
  • A potential that is generated as a result of the action of a superthreshold stimulus and could be registered only at the site of irritation

Question 16

Question
The oculocardiac reflex is an example of:
Answer
  • soma-somatic reflex
  • soma-visceral reflex
  • viscera-somatic reflex
  • viscera-visceral reflex
  • integrated conditioned reflex

Question 17

Question
Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter with the highest affinity to:
Answer
  • α-adrenergic receptors
  • β-adrenergic receptors
  • α- and β-adrenergic receptors
  • N-choline receptors
  • M-choline receptors

Question 18

Question
The parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons of the ANS secrete
Answer
  • Nor-epinephrine (98%) and epinephrine (2%)
  • Acetylcholine
  • L-DOPA
  • Nor-epinephrine (2%) and epinephrine (98%)
  • Epinephrine (80%) and nor-epinephrine (20%)

Question 19

Question
The critical (firing) level of depolarization is
Answer
  • a level of AP at which depolarization goes into repolarisation
  • a level of AP at which repolarization goes into depolarization
  • a degree of depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane at which further action of the neurotransmitter is abolished
  • a degree of depolarization of the nerve cell membrane at which its sources of energy are completely exhausted
  • a degree of depolarization of the excitable membrane at which its intensity does not depend on irritant action

Question 20

Question
A structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell (neural or otherwise) with excitatory or inhibitory effects is called:
Answer
  • synapse
  • juxtaglomerular apparatus
  • intercalated disc
  • Golgi apparatus
  • modulator

Question 21

Question
H1 receptors are situated an the smooth muscle cell membrane of the:
Answer
  • gastrointestinal tract
  • urinary tract
  • bronchi
  • uterus
  • blood vessels

Question 22

Question
The adrenergic effect an the cardiac conduction system and working myocardium is exercised by affecting:
Answer
  • M-choline receptors
  • α1 receptors
  • α2 receptors
  • β1 receptors
  • β2 receptors

Question 23

Question
The parasympathetic spinal centers, regulating the reservoir functions, are situated in the following
Answer
  • C8-Th1
  • Th1-Th8
  • Th10-L2
  • S2-S4
  • L2-L4

Question 24

Question
Facilitated diffusion is a mechanism:
Answer
  • Connected with loss of energy
  • For transporting substances against their concentration gradient
  • Connected with membrane polarity
  • That works with the help of a carrier in the membrane
  • For transporting lipid soluble substances through the membrane

Question 25

Question
A distinguishing feature of the membrane potential at rest is:
Answer
  • high permeability for K+ ions
  • low permeability for Cl- ions
  • low permeability for Na+ and high for K+ ions
  • the small difference between the equilibrium potentials for Na+ and K+ ions
  • low permeability for Na+

Question 26

Question
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which has:
Answer
  • always an excitatory effect on the postsynaptic membrane
  • always an inhibitory effect on the postsynaptic membrane
  • excitatory or inhibitory effect on the postsynaptic membrane depending on the type of receptors
  • excitatory or inhibitory effect depending on the amount released
  • no effect on the postsynaptic membrane

Question 27

Question
The common expression of excitation is:
Answer
  • the action potential
  • muscle cell contraction
  • nerve cell conduction and excitation
  • glandular cell secretion
  • membrane transport

Question 28

Question
Curare is a substance that blocks
Answer
  • M-choline receptors
  • α-adrenergic receptors
  • β-adrenergic receptors
  • N-choline receptors in neuromuscular synapses
  • all types of cholinoreceptors

Question 29

Question
An example of a ligand dependent membrane is
Answer
  • the postsynaptic membrane
  • the axon membrane
  • the nodes of Ranvier
  • the skeletal muscle cell membrane
  • the axon hillock

Question 30

Question
Throughout the relative refractory period:
Answer
  • the excitability becomes equal to zero
  • the excitability is equal to that at rest
  • the excitability is higher than that at rest
  • accommodation occurs
  • the excitability is lower than that at rest

Question 31

Question
Na/K pump is called electrogenic, because:
Answer
  • exports equal amount of Na+ and K+
  • imports equal amount of Na+ and K+
  • exchanges equal amount of Na+ and K+
  • the exchanged amount of Na+, and K+ is not equal
  • none of the above

Question 32

Question
The conditioned reflexes are:
Answer
  • typical of the species
  • inborn
  • permanent
  • formed on the basis of unconditioned reflexes
  • all of the above

Question 33

Question
Which of the statements is not true:
Answer
  • at the chemical synapse transmission of excitation is one way
  • at most of the electrical synapses transmission is two-way
  • the velocity of transmission of excitation is higher at the chemical synapses than at the electrical ones
  • the velocity of transmission of excitation is greater at the electrical synapses than at the chemical ones
  • when there is continuous excitation at a synapse, fatigue occurs

Question 34

Question
Which is the basic inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS:
Answer
  • Glutamate
  • Substance P
  • Neuropeptide 4
  • GABA
  • Nitric Oxide

Question 35

Question
The basic factor for the ion asymmetry on both sides of the excitable membrane is
Answer
  • Ca++ pump and the low permeability for Na+
  • Na+ pump and the low permeability for Na+
  • Na+/K+ pump and the low permeability for Na+
  • K+ pump and the high permeability for Na+
  • Iodine pump

Question 36

Question
The velocity of AP propagation along the axon membrane depends on:
Answer
  • the strength of irritation
  • the duration of irritation
  • the cross sectional area of the axon
  • the direction of its propagation
  • the threshold

Question 37

Question
The sympathetic postganglionic neurons secrete:
Answer
  • norepinephrine (98%) and epinephrine (2%)
  • acetylcholine
  • L-DOPA
  • norepinephrine (2%) and epinephrine (98%)
  • epinephrine (20%) and norepinephrine (80%)

Question 38

Question
The result of activated α1-adrenergic receptors is:
Answer
  • relaxation of the gastrointestinal tract smooth muscles and contraction of the sphincters
  • constriction of the vessels smooth muscle
  • increased heart rate
  • dilation of the vessels smooth muscle and relaxation of the uterus
  • none of the above

Question 39

Question
The result of activated α2-adrenergic receptors is:
Answer
  • relaxation of the gastrointestinal tract smooth muscles and contraction of the sphincters
  • constriction of the vessels smooth muscle
  • increased heart rate
  • dilation of the vessels smooth muscle and relaxation of the uterus
  • none of the above

Question 40

Question
Protein synthesis occurs at the
Answer
  • mitochondria
  • lysosomes
  • within the nucleus
  • ribosomes
  • vacuoles

Question 41

Question
During repolarization of the cell membrane:
Answer
  • Na+ move inside of the cell
  • Na+ move outside of the cell
  • K+ move inside of the cell
  • K+ move outside of the cell
  • Cl- move outside of the cell

Question 42

Question
In a cell, movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration:
Answer
  • uses facilitated diffusion
  • requires cellular energy
  • is passive transport
  • requires both cellular energy and facilitated diffusion
  • uses its concentration gradient to move

Question 43

Question
Movement of solvent and dissolved substances across a cell membrane by hydrostatic pressure is:
Answer
  • filtration
  • facilitated diffusion
  • osmosis
  • simple diffusion
  • active transport

Question 44

Question
The substance acetylcholine (ACh) is released from synaptic vesicles by the process of:
Answer
  • phagocytosis
  • simple diffusion
  • passive transport
  • exocytosis
  • endocytosis

Question 45

Question
Cell membranes
Answer
  • are formed entirely by protein molecules
  • are impermeable to fat soluble substances
  • in some tissues permit transport of glucose at a greater rate in the presence of insulin
  • are not changed throughout life
  • are permeable to water soluble substances

Question 46

Question
Proteins that are secreted by cells are generally:
Answer
  • not synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to endoplasmic reticulum
  • synthesized in the mitochondria
  • packed in the Golgi apparatus
  • across the cell membrane by endocytosis
  • synthesized in the lysosomes

Question 47

Question
The unique feature in mitochondria is:
Answer
  • myosin
  • actin
  • DNA
  • prothrombin
  • haemoglobin

Question 48

Question
The resting membrane potential of a cell:
Answer
  • is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater to Na+
  • falls to zero if Na+/K+ ATPase in the membrane is inhibited
  • is equal to the equilibrium potential for K+
  • is equal to the equilibrium potential of Na+
  • is equal to the equilibrium potential of Cl-

Question 49

Question
Many substances are removed from the cell to the outside by:
Answer
  • pinocytosis
  • chemotaxis
  • phagocytosis
  • exocytosis
  • endocytosis

Question 50

Question
An example of co-transport is:
Answer
  • Na+-K+ pump
  • Ca++ pump
  • Na+-H+ pump
  • Na+ glucose transport
  • Na/Ca pump

Question 51

Question
Mitochondria:
Answer
  • are the Chief site for lipid synthesis
  • are the chief site for protein synthesis
  • are the chief sites for generation of ATP
  • are more numerous in white than in brown fat cells
  • are absent near the membranes of actively secreting cells

Question 52

Question
The endoplasmic reticulum:
Answer
  • is a complex system of intracellular tubules
  • has a membrane structure similar to the cell membrane
  • is associated with ribonucleoprotein
  • is well developed in secretory cells
  • all of the above

Question 53

Question
The mammalian cell membrane:
Answer
  • is seen as an optically dense line using light microscopy
  • consists mainly of protein
  • is more permeable to fat- than to water-soluble particles
  • contains enzymes DNA
  • contains the receptors for steroid hormones

Question 54

Question
Membrane ion channels:
Answer
  • consist mainly of carbohydrates and lipids
  • have a specific structure for each ion species
  • for sodium may be blocked by tetrodotoxin
  • consist mainly of lipids
  • remain open as long as the activating signal is present

Question 55

Question
The speed of conduction of a nerve impulse can be determined by which of the following factors? 1. temperature 2. diameter of axon 3. stimulus frequency 4. myelin sheath; 5. stimulus strength
Answer
  • 1,3, 5 and 4
  • 1, 2 and 3
  • 3 and 1
  • 3 and 2
  • 4, 2 and 1

Question 56

Question
The junction between one neuron and the next, or between a neuron and an effector is called:
Answer
  • a synapse
  • a dendrite
  • a neurotransmitter
  • a ventricle
  • none of the above

Question 57

Question
Which of the following blocks acetylcholine receptor sites causing muscle relaxation?
Answer
  • novocain
  • curare
  • nicotine
  • nerve gases
  • carbon monoxide

Question 58

Question
Transmission across a synapse is dependent on the release of?
Answer
  • neurotransmitters
  • synaptic vesicle
  • neurons
  • receptor proteins
  • hormones

Question 59

Question
Saltatory conduction:
Answer
  • occurs only in myelinated fibres
  • has a slower velocity in cold than in warm conditions
  • is faster than non-saltatory conduction in nerve fibres with diameters around 10 μm
  • transmits impulses with a velocity proportional to fibre diameter
  • all of them

Question 60

Question
An action potential in a nerve fibre:
Answer
  • occurs when its membrane potential is hyperpolarized to a critical level
  • is associated with a transient increase in membrane permeability to sodium
  • is associated with a transient decrease in membrane permeability to potassium
  • induces local response
  • has an amplitude which varies directly with the strength of stimulus
Show full summary Hide full summary

Want to create your own Quizzes for free with GoConqr? Learn more.

Similar

Epithelial tissue
Morgan Morgan
Renal System A&P
Kirsty Jayne Buckley
Physiology / Intro psychology
Molly Macgregor
Introduction to Therapeutic Physical Agents
natalia m zameri
Malignancies
Mark George
General Pathoanatomy Final MCQs (401-519)- 3rd Year- PMU
Med Student
General Pathoanatomy Final MCQs (301-400)- 3rd Year- PMU
Med Student
Social Medicine 2 Final MCQs- 3rd Year- PMU
Med Student
GENERAL EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS-Internal Medicine 3rd Year- PMU
Med Student
Surgery MCQs 2- 3rd Year- PMU
Med Student
Cardiovascular System- Internal Medicine 3rd Year PMU
Med Student
Browse Library