Autocrine vs paracrine vs endocrine signalling:
Autocrine = Acts on [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
Endocrine = Acts on [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
Paracrine = Acts on[blank_start]__________[blank_end];
OCN is a hormone involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, which improves the sensitivity of target organs to insulin, thus improving glucose handling by the body. …and MAYBE stimulates insulin production/secretion. Still, OCN = ??
Answer
OsteoCalciN
OsteoCalcitoniN
Question 9
Question
OCN is the most abundant [blank_start]__________[blank_end] in bone.
Answer
Non-collagenous protein
Mineral
Collagenous protein
Neurotransmitter
Osteokine
Question 10
Question
ADHR = ??
Answer
Autosomal Dominant Hypophosphataemic Rickets
Adrenal Dominant Hypophosphataemic Rickets
Autosomal Dominant Hyperphosphataemic Rickets
Adrenal Dominant Hyperphosphataemic Rickets
Question 11
Question
OOM = ??
Answer
Oncogenic OsteoMalacia
Osteogenic OncoMalacia
Question 12
Question
ADHR and OOM are examples of what?
Answer
Phosphate-wasting disorders
Calcium-wasting disorders
Vitamin-D-wasting disorders
Vitamin-K-wasting disorders
Question 13
Question
Mis-sense mutations in [blank_start]__________[blank_end] in ADHR patients at a furin consensus cleavage site results in a resistance to proteolysis.
Answer
FGF23
Interleukin 6
Interleukin 15
FGF6
Question 14
Question
FGF23 regulates [blank_start]__________[blank_end] concentrations in plasma. It’s secreted by osteocytes in response to low [above] or [blank_start]__________[blank_end] Vitamin D.
Answer
Phosphate
OPG
OCN
Calcium
Vitamin D
High
Low
Question 15
Question
FGF23 acts on the kidneys, where it [blank_start]__________[blank_end] the expression of NPT2 (a Na-PO4 co-transporter in the proximal tubule). This leads to [blank_start]__________[blank_end] PO4 reabsorption (which results in [blank_start]__________[blank_end] excretion).