The Skeletal System - PE GCSE EdExcel

Functions
1. movement
2. protection
3. support
Connective TIssues
1. cartilage
  1. forms cushions between bones to stop them rubbing
2. ligaments
  1. join bone to bone
3. tendons
  1. join muscle to bone/(other muscles)
Kinds of Joint Movement
1. extension (opening a joint)
2. flexion (closing a joint)
3. adduction (moving towards an imaginary centre line)
4. abduction (moving AWAY from an imaginary centre line)
5. rotation (turning a limb)
Types of Movable Joint
1. ball and socket
  1. e.g. shoulder
  2. moves in all directions
  3. rotates
  4. allows ALL kinds of joint movement
2. hinge
  1. e.g. knee/elbow
  2. goes backwards and forwards
  3. can't go side to side
  4. allows flexion and extension
Exercise
1. can increase bone density
  1. denser = stronger
  2. puts stress through the bones
  3. stronger = less likely to break or fracture
2. strengthens ligaments and tendons
  1. adapt with exercise
  2. less likely to injure yourself
weight-bearing exercise can help prevent osteoporosis
1. get older = body gets slower at repairing and strengthening bones
2. osteoporosis = disease where bone density is SO LOW your bones are fragile and fracture easily
3. where you support your whole body weight e.g. running
4. larger force on bones = the better your body is at strengthening bone

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